Ijambo “Jenoside” ryatangiye kumvikana no gusobanukirwa n’Abanyarwanda benshi cyane cyane nyuma y’uko Abatutsi barenga miliyoni imwe bishwe bazira uko bavutse.
Gusa mbere yaho hakoreshwaga imvugo zitandukanye, biza kugaragara ko bitewe n’uko ubwo bwicanyi bwibasiriye ubwoko bw’Abatutsi kandi hagamijwe kubumaraho, bikwiriye kwitwa ‘jenoside’.
Bagendeye ku nyungu zabo bwite, bamwe bakoreshaga imvugo zihabanye cyane n’ibyabaye, bakavuga amahano, abandi bakavuga ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi, abandi, cyane cyane abanyamahanga cyangwa Abanyarwanda bashaka gupfobya no guhakana jenoside, bakavuga ko ari ugusubiranamo hagati y’amoko cyangwa Jenoside y’Abanyarwanda.
Iyo hagarukwa ku byakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994, hakoreshwa imvugo “Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi”; gusa hari bamwe batarasobanukirwa ubusobanuro, inkomoko, cyangwa imikoreshereze y’ijambo Jenoside.
Umunyarwanda, Josias Semujanga, Umwanditsi akaba n’Umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya Montréal, mu kiganiro na IGIHE mu Bubiligi, ubwo yamurikaga igitabo yise "Faire Face au Négationnisme du Génocide des Tutsi" tugenekereje bivuga “Guhangana n’Ipfobya n’Ihakana rya Jenoside”, yagarutse kuri byinshi bijyanye n’ijambo Jenoside.
IGIHE: Jenoside n’iki?
J.Semujanga: Ijambo jenoside rifite amateka maremare. Mu Kinyarwanda ryatangiye gukoreshwa bisesuye mu mpera za 1994, risobanura iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ryabaye kuva muri Mata kugeza muri Nyakanga uwo mwaka.
IGIHE: Ryaturutse he?
J.S: Ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu ndimi z’i Burayi kuva muri 1945, aho risobanura irimburwa ry’Abayahudi ryakozwe n’Abanazi: Adolf Hitler n’interahamwe ze. Iryo jambo jenoside ntiryari risanzwe ribaho muri izo ndimi nk’Icyongereza, Ikidage, Igifaransa, Ikirusiya, n’izindi kuko ryahimbwe kugirango abacamanza babone ijambo ryasobanura ubwicanyi butari busanzwe buzwi i Burayi ndetse no muri Amerika, bisobanuye aho Leta yica abaturage bayo kandi bo bubahiriza amategeko. Leta yabo ikabica ibaziza ubwoko bwabo, cyangwa idini ryabo. urugero nk’ibyabaye ku Bayahudi.
Abacamanza bashakaga ijambo rizakoreshwa na kera aho bene ubwo bwicanyi buzaba bubonetse ahandi ku isi.
IGIHE: Ninde wakoresheje ijambo jenoside bwa mbere?
J.S: Ubwa mbere ryakoreshejwe n’umukozi wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika witwa Raphael Lemkin mu gitabo yanditse icyo gihe. Yashakaga kwerekana ko uburyo Leta y’u Budage, yategekwaga na Hitler, yishe Abayahudi butari busanzwe mu mateka y’isi. Leta yica abaturage bayo kandi mu bisanzwe ishinzwe kubarinda, byasabaga ijambo rishya kuko indimi zari zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu bucamanza zitari zarabiteganije.
Ubundi Leta ihana umuntu wishe itegeko. Lemkin, kimwe n’abandi bantu benshi yakekaga ko ibintu byose byo ku isi bishobora gusobanurwa n’amwe mu magambo indimi z’abantu zikoresha. Ubwo rero yasubiye mu mateka y’indimi z’i Burayi kugirango ahange ijambo rishya risobanura ubwicanyi bwa Leta budasanzwe. Ashakira mu Kigiriki cya kera n’Ikiratini. Bityo afata igice kiva ku Kigiriki "genos" bivuga ubwoko yongeraho ikindi gice kiva ku Kilatini "cide" bivuga kwica, avanamo ijambo "genocide". Ibyo ntibyari bihagije kuko ijambo jenoside rigira uburemere ryemejwe n’inteko cyangwa ibihugu bishobora guhana abicanyi.
IGIHE: Jenoside yemezwa na nde?
J.S: Bwa mbere ijambo jenoside ryakoreshejwe mu rubanza rw’Abanazi mu Rukiko rwa "Nuremberg" rwarishyizweho n’ibihugu byatsinze u Budage n’ibihugu byari bifatanije nk’u Butaliyani n’u Buyapani. Nyuma, urwo rukiko rwa "Nuremberg" n’ijambo jenoside byaje kwemezwa na Loni ishyiraho amabwiriza n’amategeko mpuzamahanga akumira kandi agahana icyaha cya jenoside.
Icyo kwitonderwa ni uko jenoside y’Abayahudi ari yo ya mbere yemewe ku isi na Loni; icyaha cya jenoside kigengwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga ahagarariwe na Loni n’inzego zayo; buri gihugu kiri muri Loni (ibihugu byose ntibibamo) gisabwa gusa gushyiraho amategeko y’igihugu bwite ahana kandi agakumira icyatera jenoside, ariko Loni nta gihugu na kimwe itegeka gushyiraho amategeko. Niyo mpamvu Leta y’u Rwanda, mbere ya 1994, itari yigera ishyiraho amategeko ahana cyangwa akumira jenoside nubwo yari yaremeye amategeko mpuzamahanga yerekeye jenoside no kurengera ikiremwamuntu; Jenoside ni ijambo rifite uburemere kurusha ayandi, kuko rikoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye bwa politiki mu rwego rw’igihugu no mu rwego mpuzamahanga; iyo ukoreheje ijambo jenoside uba uvuze ko abayikoze bakwiye guhanwa, naho utemera ko abakoze jenoside bahanwa akoresha irindi jambo.
IGIHE: Mu Rwanda ijambo jenoside rikoreshwa?
J.S: Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994, Loni yohereje inzobere mu mategeko mpuzamahanga, René-Denis Segui wo muli Côte d’Ivoire, ngo arebe niba uburyo abasivili bo mu Rwanda bicwaga yari jenoside cyangwa ari intambara y’amoko, nk’uko abarengeraga Leta y’u Rwanda yategekwaga na Perezida Théodor Sindikubwayo na Minisitiri w’Intebe Jean Kambanda, babivugaga. Muri Raporo yandikiye Loni, Segui yemeje ko icyo gihe mu Rwanda abantu bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi aribo bicwaga kubera ko ari Abatutsi nta kindi cyaha bashinjwa na Leta. Yemeza jenoside atyo. Raporo ye ntiyabaye nk’iya Dorsainville yo muri 1961, itarigeze yemezwa na Loni.
Ku itariki 8 Ugushyingo 1994 Loni nayo yemeje iyo raporo ya Segui ko jenoside yakorewe mu Rwanda yahigaga Abatutsi. Ishyiraho Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rukorera Arusha, muri Tanzania. Uru rukiko rwashyiriweho guca imanza z’abakoze jenoside bica cyangwa bagambaniye Abatutsi, rushyirwaho na Loni.
Ntibyabujije ko uburyo ijambo jenoside rikoreshwa kwinshi bitewe n’abarikoresha bandika ku mahano yabaye mu Rwanda. Amagambo amwe n’amwe yakoreshwaga muri 1994 n’imyaka yakurikiye yaje gukemangwamo gupfobya jenoside.
Mu ndimi z’abanyamahanga, abanyamakuru ndetse n’abandi banditsi bakoresha, kuva mu mpera za 1994, ijambo «génocide rwandais» mu Gifaransa, mu Cyongereza «rwandan genocide» ; ndetse no mu zindi ndimi z’i Burayi ni ko bimeze, (bivuze jenoside y’Abanyarwanda).
Mu Kinyarwanda ho hakoreshwa amagambo menshi, akunze kugaruka mu mvugo ni nk’aya: itsembabatutsi, irimburabatutsi, itsembabwoko, itsembatsemba, amahano, ishyano, jenoside na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.
Muri 1995, hari amagambo 2 yakoreshwaga cyane; Itsembabwoko risobanura iyicwa ry’Abatutsi bazira ubwoko bwabo; Itsembatsemba risobura iyicwa ry’Abahutu b’abanyapolitiki baharaniraga ko Abanyarwanda bose bagira agaciro mu gihugu cyabo. Leta iza guhuza ayo magambo yombi mu ijambo yise «Itsembwabwoko-n’itsembatsemba».
Nyuma y’imyaka 7, muri 2002, Leta ishyiraho itegeko ko hakoreshwa mu mvugo mbwirwaruhame «jenoside». Niryo yashyize muri Constitution icyo gihe, muri 2002.
Nyuma y’imyaka 6, muri 2008, inama ya Leta itegeka ko hakoreshwa «Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi» mu mvugo mbwirwaruhame. Niryo ryemewe kugeza magingo aya.
IGIHE: Kuki ayo magambo asonura jenoside ahindagurika?
J.S: Ubundi amagambo avuga amahano ya jenoside arahindagurika kuko bamwe bayakoresha baba bashaka gusobanura amateka bakurikije akababaro kabo, abandi bafite andi macenga ya politiki. Leta yo yemeza ijambo rikoreshwa ridakuka mu gihugu kugirango abantu badapfobya cyangwa ngo bahakane jenoside. Ahanini iri hindagurika ry’amagambo avuga jenoside rijyanye na "négationnisme", cyangwa guhakana no gupfobya jenoside. Leta iba yifuza gukoresha ijambo ikeka ko rirashe kugirango hataba urujijo abantu bagahakana jenoside.
Naho ubundi amagambo menshi akoreshwa mu Rwanda amenshi arasa kandi arasobanutse; keretse ku muhakanyi kuko aba yabigambiriye, kuko ijambo wakoresha ryose, ntanyurwa.
Urugero rw’amagambo akunze gukoreshwa ashingiye ku inshinga ebyiri; Gutsemba, kwica ukamaraho, ritanga itsembwabwoko n’itsembatsemba. Ariko aya magambo hari aho ahurira n’aho atandukanira. Irya mbere rishamikiye ku ngingo ikomeye : ubwicanyi bwarebaga ubwoko, bisobanura ko ubwo bwoko ari ubw’Abatusi kuko ni bo bishwe muri 1994, bazira ubwoko. Naho itsembatsemba ntirisobanura ubwoko ubwo ari bwo, bivuze ko Abanyarwanda benshi bishwe. Ariko rigakoreshwa n’abantu bafite ababo bishwe kubera ibitekerezo byabo byo kurwanya Hutu Power ; ariko aha twakwibutsa ko batazize ubwoko.
Ijambo itsembabatutsi rikoreshwa kimwe n’itsembabwoko; Kurimbura, kurandura igiti n’imizi yacyo cyangwa kwica umuryango ntihasigare n’uruhinja cyangwa uzabara inkuru, ritanga ijambo «irimburabatutsi».
Muri aya magambo atatu ashingiye ku kurimbura cyangwa gutsemba, irigikoreshwa cyane ni itsembabwoko kuko risobanura mu magambo arashe, irimburwa ry’Abatusi. Mbese risobanura mu Kinyarwanda ijambo jenoside uko rikoreshwa na Loni: kwica abantu ubahora ubwoko bwabo cyangwa idini ryabo, nta kindi bacumuye kuri Leta.
Ayo magambo yose yagiye ahinduka kubera udutsiko dupfobya jenoside haba hanze y’u Rwanda cyangwa mu gihugu nyir’izina. Icyakora urebye ijambo rikoreshwa kuva muri 2008 (jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi) ni interuro irambuye isobanura ijambo rimwe jenoside rikoreshwa na Leta n’abandi bantu kuva muri 2002, nk’uko biboneka mu Itegeko Nshinga.
Ubirebye neza mu buryo amagambo akoreshwa mu gihugu, ijambo jenoside na jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi asobanura kimwe dukurikije uko ijambo jenoside ryavutse kandi rikoreshwa na Loni, nk’uko twabibonye haruguru.
Icyabiteye ni uko kuva 2005-2008, ari ho ibitabo byinshi bipfobya jenoside byanditswe. Leta iti reka mbakurire inzira ku murima iti: jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda ni «jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi».
Kugeza ubu gukoresha iyo nteruro kuruta ijambo rimwe (jenoside) byatumye mu Rwanda abantu batavanga amagambo mu gihe babwira rubanda mu biganiro mbwirwa ruhame.
IGIHE: Ese iyo ukoresheje ijambo nyaryo ugupfobya biragabanuka?
J.S: "Negationnisme" gupfobya jenoside, bikoreshwa mu macenga ya politiki, igabanuka iyo abayikoresha badafite imbaraga za politiki.
Nubwo wahindura ijambo ukariha uburemere, ba négationnistes cyangwa abahakanyi ba jenoside ntibareka umugambi wabo wo gupfobya jenoside. Kubera ko icyo bagambiriye ni politiki, kurwanya Leta itavuga rumwe nabo, Leta ishingiye ku mahame ko Umunyarwanda angana n’undi imbere y’amategeko. Abapfobya benshi ni abantu bafite ibitekerezo bya "Hutu Power", bikubiye mu ijambo ryabo rikuru ko Abahutu ari bo benshi bagomba gutwara u Rwanda bonyine. Ijambo ryose ryakoreshwa bazavuga ibindi byose bishoboka kugirango barwanye Leta y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge.
Iyo bahakana ko Abatutsi bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo, ni ukuvuga ko Abajenosideri bava muri "Hutu Power” ari abere. Ko mu Rwanda habaye intambara ko nta jenoside yabaye.
Dutandukanye amagambo, Negationnisme (Gupfobya) bikoreshwa n’udutsiko tw’abantu bashaka gupfobya jenoside. Iri jambo ryatangiye mu myaka 1980, ubwo i Burayi na Amerika habonekaga abanditsi bapfobya jenoside y’Abayahudi.
Iri jambo rikoreshwa na Leta cyangwa abantu baharanira ko jenoside itakwibagirana. Naryo ni ijambo politiki.
Urugero: Uwemera ibitekerezo bya "Hutu Power" ntabwo azakoresha ijambo negationnisme cyangwa gupfobya. Azavuga ko abavuga ko mu Rwanda habaye ubwicanyi bw’indengakamere, ko Abanyarwanda bose bapfushije ababo, ariko azahakana ko kwicwa kw’Abatutsi ari agahomamunwa ka jenoside, kuko bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo.
Abo twita rero negationniste, ari bo bahakanyi ba jenoside bo biyita revisionniste. Bivuze iki? Revisionnisme ikoreshwa n’abashakashatsi mu mateka (historiens), mu gihe basobanura ko ukuri ku mateka gushobora guhinduka iyo habonetse izindi nyandiko zerekana ibyo abashakashatsi batari bazi ku byabaye mu gihe cyashize.
Umushakashatsi wese yemera iryo hame, iyo habonetse ikintu gishya kitari kizwi kandi gihindura uko abantu bari bazi amateka, ukuri kuri ayo mateka kurahinduka.
Urugero: Abanditsi bandika ku mateka y’uburyo Parmehutu yagiye ku butegetsi bakoreshaga inyandiko zanditswe kuva muri 1957, ubwo hasohokaga Manifeste y’Abahutu, kugeza ku binyamakuru n’izindi nyandiko za Leta ya Kayibanda cyangwa y’Ababiligi bategetse u Rwanda kugera muri 1962. Izo nyandiko zavugaga ko Abaparmehutu ari bo bakuyeho ubwami mu Rwanda. Muri 1987, Jean-Paul Harroy, Umubiligi wategekaga Ruanda-Urundi yanditse igitabo asobanura uko yarwanyije umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, washakaga ubwigenge muri politiki yise «imbaga y’inyabutatu ijyambere». Avuga n’uko yakuyeho uwamusimbuye Kigeli V Ndahindurwa.
Uwitwa Guy Logiest wari umusilikare ufite ipete rya Colonel yoherejwe na Harroy ngo aze ayobore u Rwanda kandi arugeze kuri indépendance, nawe yanditse igitabo, muri 1988, kivuga ibigwi bye n’abaparimehuru; anashimangira ibya shebuja Harroy yaramaze umwaka yanditse. Abo bategetsi b’Ababiligi bategetse u Rwanda mu myaka ya nyuma y’ubukoloni, barabyiyandikiye basobanura uko bakuyeho abatware bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bakimika abandi bo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu, muri 1960.
Nyuma abashakashatsi bandika kuri ayo mateka bagomba gukoresha ibi bitabo kuko byavugaga ibyo batari bazi, “revolution” bitiriye Kayibanda na bagenzi be yakozwe n’Ababiligi, berekana ko bagombaga gukuraho abatware bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi, bakoranye nabo kuva muri 1927, bakabasimbuza abategetsi b’Abahutu, mu gihe cy’ubwigenge bw’igihugu.
Amakuru mashya atuma amateka ahinduka ni byo bita "révisionnisme". Negationnisme ntabwo ari révisionnisme, ni banalisation cyangwa gupfobya jenoside.
Nk’uko twabibonye jenoside, Leta yica abaturage bayo kubera ubwoko bwabo. Ibi bikanemezwa na Raporo ya Loni. Niko bigenda mu mateka y’isi kuva 1945. Jenoside y’Abatutsi yemejwe na Loni muri 1994 yabaye iya kabiri ku isi. Nta makuru mashya yakwemeza ko abantu barimbuwe mu Rwanda bataziraga ubwoko bwabo. Bamwe mu bategetsi bayikoze nka Jean Kambanda barabyemeye bavuga n’uko bayikoze. Abandi n’ubwo bahakanaga, urukiko rwa Loni rw’Arusha rwarabibemeje; barabifungirwa.
Bumwe mu buryo Abapfobya bakoresha kenshi, ni uguhakana bagatsemba ko Abatutsi bapfuye bataziraga ubwoko bwabo, kuvuga ko hapfuye Abanyarwanda bw’ubwoko bwose, kwemera ko habaye jenoside y’Abatutsi ariko bagapfobya umubare w’abishwe bavuga ko ari muto, kuvuga ko mu ntambara zo mu Rwanda, abapfuye benshi ari Abahutu no kuvuga ngo jenoside yabayeho ngo ariko Leta iriho ubu iyikoresha mu nyungu zayo.
Icyitonderwa; twibutse ko umubare munini cyangwa muto w’abishwe atari wo ugira ukwicwa kw’abasivili jenoside, ahubwo ni akagambane kabanziriza iryo yicwa. Kandi jenoside yemezwa na Loni, imaze gukora iperereza ritanga raporo igomba kwemezwa. Aha rero twibuka ko Raporo ya Loni yemeje ko jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, muri 1994 (Rapport René-Denis Segui).
Abapfobya jenoside y’Abatutsi bakunze kuvuga ngo hari n’Abahutu bapfuye mu ntambara. Ariko ntabwo Abahutu bapfuye mu ntambara bazize ubwoko, kuko ntabwo bahigwaga, nk’uko byagenze ku Batutsi. Nubwo gupfusha ari akaga kandi akababaro k’uwabuze uwe utakagereranya n’akundi.
Ububabare burangana ku muntu wapfushije umubyeyi, umukunzi cyangwa umuvandimwe. Ariko, abashakashatsi bo bafite inshingano yo gusobanura aho ubwicanyi bwa jenoside butandukaniye n’ubundi bwose, abantu bakamenya ko Leta y’u Rwanda yataye inshingano zayo zo kurinda abaturage bayo mu gihe yakoreshaga inzego zose z’ubutegetsi ndetse n’abaturage bamwe b’Abahutu mu kurimbura abandi benegihugu b’Abatutsi.
Inyungu Leta ifite yo gukurikira ikibazo cya jenoside ni imwe rukumbi; umuntu wese akwiye kuyirwanya ngo itazagaruka, kuko iyo imvururu n’intambara biteye mu gihugu bihitana benshi, kandi nta wakwizera ko we yayihonoka.
IGIHE: Ese gupfobya bishobora gushira?
J.S: Ku bantu bafite ubushake, nta négationnisme cyangwa gupfobya bagira, kuko hari abakoresha ijambo iri n’iri batagambiriye guhakana cyangwa gupfobya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ahubwo ntibaba bazi itandukaniro ry’amagambo akoreshwa.
Hari abashakashatsi benshi bakoresha ijambo «génocide rwandais» cyangwa «Rwandan génocide» batagambiriye gupfobya jenoside. Hari n’abandi babikoresha bagambiriye kuyipfobya.
Usobanura ibyo gupfobya (négationnisme) aba abwira abumva. Aba ashaka kumenya uko amagambo akoreshwa; bagasobanura birashe amahano ya jenoside kugirango itazongera mu Rwanda. Ba ruharwa bapfobya bo ntibahinduka kuko ibitekerezo byabo ni bya Hutu Power. Intego yabo ni politiki. Icyakora gusobanura jenoside n’ikiyitera bituma ibitekerezo byabo bitemerwa na benshi. Bityo bagahera mu nguni yabo n’ibitekerezo byabo.
Ikindi ni uko gupfobya (négationnisme) byashira ari uko abantu bamenye igitera jenoside. Ikiyitera rero ni iki? Ifumbire ya jenoside yinjira iyo mu gihugu harimo ubushyamirane, abana bagakura bigishwa amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko. Leta itonesha ubwoko bumwe, agatsiko kamwe, igaheza abandi. Mu Rwanda guhezwa kw’amoko kwatangiye kera cyane cyane ku mwaduko w’Ababiligi, bashyizeho amategeko avangura kuva muri 1927, ubwo umutegetsi (résident) Mortehan yashyiragaho itegeko ryirukana abatware b’ubwami bo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu. Birongera igihe umukoroni Logiest yakuragaho abatware bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi, muri 1960. Muri ayo mateka yombi, abo batware bakuweho kubera ubwoko bwabo. Ibindi Abanyarwanda bakwiye kwibuka itotezwa n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ku ngoma ya Kayibanda, ihezwa mu mashuri mu kazi ryarebaga Abatutsi, rikaza no gukumira Abahutu bitaga Abanyanduga. Rurangiza ikaba jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yo muri 1994.
Ikindi abantu bakwiye kumenya ni ishema riterwa no kugira Leta irengera abaturage bayo; ikabarwanira igihe batewe n’ikindi gihugu cyangwa ikabavuganira mu nama mpuzamahanga aho amategeko arengera ikiremwamuntu acurirwa. Bityo igaharanira byimazeyo, uretse ibya nyirarureshwa byo mu magambo gusa, ko abantu bangana imbere y’amategeko no mu byo bakorera Leta no mu byo Leta ibakorera: kwiga, kwivuza, gusora n’ibindi.
Ku byerekeye jenoside, twibukiranye ko yemezwa na Loni. Iyo rero Leta ikoze jenoside, cyangwa ikica abaturage bayo, ikoresha imbaraga zose ifite mu nteko mpuzamahanga kugirango jenoside itemerwa, kuko yemewe yabihanirwa na Loni. Abantu bashobora kwicwa bazira ubwoko bwabo cyangwa idini ryabo, jenoside ntiyemerwe iyo igihugu cyayikoze kiri muri Loni.
Dore ingero 3:
– Abanyarumenia barishwe muri 1915 na Leta ya Turukiya kubera idini ryabo rya gikiristu Orthodoxe. N’ubu Leta ya Turukiya irwanya ko iyo jenoside yakwemerwa na Loni. Ikoresha imbaraga zose za dipolomasi (imibanire n’amahanga). N’ubu iyo jenoside ntiremerwa nubwo abashakashatsi bemeza nta shiti ko ari yo kuko abantu bo mu idini ya Orthodoxe bo mu bwoko bw’Abanyarumenia bishwe kandi bakurikizaga amategeko ya Leta ya Turukiya yariho icyo gihe.
– Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda bishwe kuva muri 1959-1961, bitewe na Leta Mbiligi yayoboraga igihugu icyo gihe, ni yo yaburijemo raporo ya Loni (Rapport Dorsainville) yasobanuraga uko Abatutsi bishwe. Ndetse Logiest na Harroy barabyigamba muri bya bitabo navuze haruguru.
Kuva muri 1964-1967 no muri 1973, Abatutsi barishwe ku ngoma ya Kayibanda, ariko jenoside ntiyigeze yemezwa na Loni, kandi abanditsi benshi barabyanditse bavuga ko ari jenoside. Babuze Leta ibavugira kugirango jenoside yemerwe.
Tuzirikane ko jenoside yemerwa n’amahanga kuko hari Leta iri muri Loni ihatana kugirango yemerwe, bitume abicanyi bahanwa. iyo abishwe badafite Leta ibavugira jenoside ntiyemerwa, bityo n’abicanyi ntibahanwa; Iyo Inkotanyi zidatsinda ingabo za Hutu Power, muri nyakanga 1994, jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ntiyari kwemezwa na Loni nk’uko byagenze ahandi.
Abantu bakwiye kumenya ko ko Leta (inzego zayo zose) ari nk’umuriro. Uwuhaye umwana w’igitambambuga aritwika. Wawucana witonze ugasusurutsa umukambwe. Wawutekesha inkono igashya ukagaburira abana; ndetse n’ababyeyi bakaboneraho. Ariko ushobora no gutwikira umuturanyi uwukoresheje uri umutindi mu mutima. Ubwawo umuliro si mwiza cyangwa mubi, biterwa n’uko ukoreshejwe. N’inzego za Leta ni uko. Ushobora kuzikoresha uzamura ubukungu n’imibereho ya rubanda utavanguye, cyangwa ukazikoresha ubateranya nk’uko byangeze mu Rwanda kuva 1927.
Kwigisha abantu kumenya imiterere n’imikorere ya Leta, nibwo buryo bwo kurwanya akarengane n’ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose. Umuntu wese akumva ko icyo kibazo kimureba. Icya mbere na mbere mu kurwanya jenoside ni ukumenya amateka yatumye ishoboka, imikorere y’inzego za Leta mu Rwanda. Bikigishwa urubyiruko mu buryo bwihariye, ntihagire ukeka ko jenoside ireba Abatutsi bapfushije benshi bo mu bwoko bwabo. Jenoside ni nka ya nkoni ikubise mukeba kuko uyirenza urugo.
Hejuru ku ifoto: Josias Semujanja
TANGA IGITEKEREZO