Kuva kera byakunze kuvugwa ko byagora cyane igihugu nk’u Rwanda gutera imbere bitewe ahanini n’uko kidakora ku Nyanja cyangwa kidafite imitungo kamere ihenze cyane nka peteroli, zahabu n’ibindi. Gusa kuva jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yarangira, Leta y’Ubumwe yatangije urugamba rwo kumvisha Abanyarwanda bose ko ubutunzi bukomeye u Rwanda rufite ari abaturage barwo (human capital).
Nyuma y’igihe Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ishishikariza abantu kwiteza imbere, ndetse bigatanga umusaruro kuko ubukungu bw’igihugu bwazamutse ku kigero cyo kwishimirwa, u Rwanda rwanze gukomeza gukora rwonyine, rusaba kwinjira mu Muryango w’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC), ndetse rurabyemererwa, rutangira rutyo gahunda z’iterambere ruhuriyeho n’ibindi bihugu binyamuryango bya EAC, nka Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania n’u Burundi (nabwo bwinjiyemo nyuma).
Ku ikubitiro hatangijwe ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa bigamije iterambere rusange ry’ibi bihugu, nk’iyubakwa ry’umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uzahuza Kenya unyuze I Kampala muri Uganda watangijwe kubakwa mu minsi ishize, umushinga wa gahunda y’ifaranga rimwe, ibikorwa bihuriweho n’ibihugu bikoresha Umuhora wa Ruguru n’ibindi.
Bitewe n’uko u Rwanda ari igihugu kimaze igihe gito muri uyu muryango, byagiye bihwihwiswa ko rutazunguka cyane ko ahubwo ibihugu bimaze igihe kinini kandi bisanzwe bifite uko bimeze mu bijyanye n’ubukungu ari byo bizungukira cyane muri iyi mikoranire.
Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Uganda Frank Mugambage yamaganye ibi bitekerezo, avuga ko u Rwanda rudashobora gutinya guhiga n’ibindi bihugu, abigereranya n’uwaba afite umugati muto akumva umuhagije ntiyihatire gushaka uwisumbuyeho.
Mu kiganiro kihariye yagiranye na The African Confidential, Amb Mugambage yagarutse ku byakozwe na Perezida Paul Kagame mu kongera kubaka igihugu cyari cyashegeshwe na jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse no kunga abantu, avuga ku mubano w’u Rwanda na Uganda ndetse n’umubano w’abaturage b’ibihugu byombi, n’ibindi.
Iki kiganiro cyashyizwe mu Kinyarwanda n’Umunyamakuru wa IGIHE:
African Confidential: Hashize imyaka 20 Jenoside ibaye. Ni iki Perezida Kagame yakoze mu kugarura ubumwe n’impinduka mu gihugu cyashegeshwe n’ ibihe bibi byahise?
Amb. Mugambage: Icya mbere, Jenoside yakomotse ku buyobozi bubi bwamaze igihe kirekire. Si ikintu cyahanutse ngo kiture aho. Ni ingaruka z’ubuyobozi bubi bwakomotse ku bukoloni, bwabibye imizi y’amacakubiri no kuvangura abaturage.
Mu myaka yashize, habaye uburyo bwo kuvangura. Abanyarwanda bagabanijwemo amoko mu gihe nyamara Abanyarwanda ari bamwe, banahuje ururimi. Ndetse na nyuma y’ubwigenge, ubutegetsi bwakurikiye bwakomeje kuvangura. Babibye urwango kandi babikora ku mugaragaro. Bashyizeho politiki z’ivangura mu Banyarwanda.
Ibyo byarakomeje bimara igihe ndetse binashingirwaho hakorwa Jenoside. Jenoside ntiyabaye mu 1994 gusa. Ndetse no mu 1959, ubwicanyi bwibasira Abatutsi bwaratangiye, abantu benshi barishwe, abandi bajya mu buhungiro. Ubundi bwicanyi bwagiye bukomeza, kandi ibi byaganishije ku ntambara. RPF yatangijwe mu 1987 mu buhunzi nyuma iza gutangiza intambara yo kwibohora. Iyi ntambara yari igamije gushaka impinduka mu buyobozi n’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda. Urwo ni urugendo rwakozwe kandi rugerwaho neza.
Guverinoma iyobowe na Perezida Kagame yagerageje gusana igihugu hubakwa ubushobozi mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu, imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’ibijyanye na politiki. Yagaruye agaciro k’Abanyarwanda. Kuri ubu u Rwanda ni urugero rw’inkuru itangaje ndetse n’abantu ku isi yose barabihamya.
AC: Watubwira uko abakoze Jenoside bagejejwe mu nkiko?
Amb. Mugambage: Ikibazo gikomeye cyakurikiye Jenoside ni ugukurikirana abayikoze ndetse n’ubutabera. Umubare w’abakurikiranwe wari munini. Abantu benshi bari barabigizemo uruhare. Babarirwaga mu mamiliyoni. Ikindi kibazo cyari uko abayiteguye bahunze igihugu bakazimirira mu bice bitandukanye by’isi.
Ikindi kibazo ni ugukurikirana abayikoze no guha ubutabera abayikorewe ndetse bikajyana no kugera ku bwiyunge. Igihugu ni abaturage bacyo. Twagombaga guhitamo uburyo bukubiyemo biriya byose birimo gutanga ubutabera, guca umuco wo kudahana no kugera ku bwiyunge binyuze mu kubwizanya ukuri no gushaka ibimenyetso.
Hashyizweho Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha bisabwe n’u Rwanda icyicaro cyarwo gishyirwa Arusha muri Tanzania, rugamije gukurikirana abakoze ibyaha bya Jenoside bari bihishahishe hirya no hino. Rurenda gusoza ikivi ariko mu by’ukuri rwakoze bike ku byo rwari rwitezweho. Imanza zimwe zarakurikiranwe ariko byagera mu gutanga ubutabera izigera kuri 50 zonyine ni zo zakurikiranwe.
Twashyizeho Gacaca nk’uburyo bukomoka ku muco gakondo. Ubu ni uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu midugudu. Izirenga ibihumbi 10 zashyizweho aho zari zigizwe n’abacamanza batowe n’abaturage ndetse n’abakemurampaka. Gacaca yakoreshejwe mu myaka myinshi. Ukuri kwagiye ahagaragara. Abahawe ibihano barabikoze, bamwe ubu basubiye no mugiturage aho bakomoka, Gacaca yakurikiranye ibibazo vuba, isoza amamiliyoni y’imanza.
Byibuze byari gutwara nk’imyaka 200 ngo abakoze Jenoside bose baburanishwe. Dufashe umubare w’abaciriwe imanza n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga birashoboka ko imyaka 200 yari gushira haburanishwa imanza zose ariko Gacaca yageze kuri byinshi.
AC: Umubano wa Uganda n’u Rwanda urasa n’aho ari nta makemwa. Ese abaturage b’ibihugu byombi babyungukiramo bate?
Amb. Mugambage: Abanyarwanda n’Abagande ku buryo bwagutse ni abantu bamwe. Abaturage b’ibihugu byombi bafite byinshi bahuriyeho. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu hari byinshi byakorwa. Mu gihe umubano ari mwiza hari byinshi byakorwa. Abayobozi b’ibihugu byombi bakunze guhura bagasangira imikorere myiza, baganira uko bakomeza gukorana neza nta makemwa.
AC: Ubucuruzi hagati y’u Rwanda na Uganda bugenda bwaguka. Ni iki kiri gukorwa mu gukomeza iyi nzira hagamijwe iterambere mu bihugu byombi?
Amb. Mugambage: Abagande bakora ubucuruzi mu Rwanda, bari mu bucuruzi butandukanye; bari mu bugeni, mu bwubatsi, ubucukuzi n’ibindi. Icy’ ibanze ni uko hari ukwishyira ukizana kwa buri wese, haba mu bucuruzi ndetse n’ubumenyi. Kwiyongera kw’ ishoramari mu bihugu byombi ntaho guhejwe.
AC: Perezida Museveni na Perezida Kagame, hamwe na Uhuru Kenyatta wa Kenya bafashe iya mbere mu kwihutisha ubufatanye mu karere. Uruhare rw’u Rwanda ni uruhe muri ibyo?
Amb. Mugambage: Ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bwagaragaje mbere kose ko kugira ngo u Rwanda rutere imbere ari ngombwa ko haba ubufatanye n’ibindi bihugu byo mu karere. Ibi si bishya. Iri ni ihame. Icyo ni kimwe mu bigize u Rwanda rushya.
Urugero, iyo tuvuze guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo, mu bitekerezo tuba dufite kwegera ibihugu bituranyi. Umuhora wa Ruguru ufite uruhare runini mu bikubiye mu masezerano y’Umuryango w’Afurikka y’Iburasirazuba.
Gushyiraho isoko rinini rituma abaturage bacu bahahira aho bashatse ni intambwe ishimishije. Turi no gushyigikira iyubakwa ry’umuhanda ugezweho wa Gari ya moshi mu karere, imihanda ndetse n’imiyoboro ya Peteroli.
AC: U Rwanda rwiteguye rute kungukira mu kwishyira hamwe mu gihe bivugwa ko abazabyungukiramo ari ibihugu byateye imbere nka Kenya?
Amb. Mugambage: Icyo gitekerezo kiritsinda ubwacyo. Ni nk’umuntu ufite umugati muto akibwira ngo reka noye kuwurya aho gushaka umunini. Hamwe n’isoko ryagutse buri wese ashobora guhiganwa. Iyo utinya ihiganwa ntushobora gutera imbere. Byose biterwa n’uko abantu bateguye kwifashisha ayo mahirwe.
Fata urugero rwa Singapore, ni agahugu gato ariko gahagaze neza mu bukungu. Reka ntituyobywe n’abavuga ibyo.
AC: Urabona kwihuza kwa EAC gutanga icyizere cy’ejo hazaza?
Amb. Mugambage: Kwihuza ni igikorwa gikomeza. Bisaba kubaka umusingi n’inkingi. Ariko itegereze, ubu buri wese arajya mu gihugu gituranyi nta nkomyi.
Abagande bashobora gukoresha indangamuntu zabo bajya mu Rwanda no muri Kenya. Twakoze ikintu gisa no kugira akarere kacu ahantu nyaburanga hamwe. Viza yo mu Rwanda ishobora kwifashishwa mu kujya mu bindi bihugu byo mu karere. Twese hamwe duteza imbere ubukerarugendo, inkingi ziri kubakwa.
AC: U Rwanda rushimwa kuba igihugu mu karere cyagerageje guca ruswa. Ni iki kibitera?
Amb. Mugambage: Ni impamo u Rwanda rwaciye ruswa. Ubuyobozi bwacu ntiburebera ruswa. Mu minsi ishize mu ijambo rye, Perezida Kagame yavuze ko ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bugizwe n’ibitekerezo-fatizo bitatu. Icya mbere ni ubumwe bwa bose, kwimenya no kumenya abandi, gukorera mu mucyo ndetse no guhora dutekereza ku buryo bwagutse.
AC: Imiryango imwe n’imwe yigenga ikomeza kuvuga ko mu Rwanda bahonyora uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu ndetse ko nta bwisanzure. Ese ibi ni byo?
Amb. Mugambage: Iki ni ikinyoma. Nanjye njya mbisoma mu bitangazamakuru bimwe na bimwe. Gusa ibikorwa bigamije urwango biganisha ku bisa n’ibyatugejeje kuri Jenoside, ibyo ntibyakwemerwa.
TANGA IGITEKEREZO