Ambasaderi Jendayi Frazer wahoze ari umunyamabanga wa Leta wungirije uw’ububanyi n’amahanga ushinzwe ibibazo bya Afurika muri Leta Zunze Ubumwwe za Amerika ku butegetsi bwa Bush, yagiranye ikiganiro cyihariye na IGIHE agaragaza uko we abona ikibazo cya Congo Kinshasa n’umutwe w’ingabo za Loni wihariye woherejweyo ufite ubutumwa bwo guhashya imitwe y’inyeshyamba ikorera mu Ntara ya Kivu, bakayambura intwaro bibanze ku mutwe wa M23.
Uyu munyapolitikikazi yagaragaye mu mpaka zagiye zikemura ibibazo byinshi byo mu bihugu binyuranye, birimo ibya Zimbabwe, Kenya, Somalia ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byinshi.
Yayoboye mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Bush kuva mu mwaka wa 2001, aho yari akuriwe na Condoleeza Rice kugeza mu mwaka wa 2009, aho yanigeze kuba Ambasaderi wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kuva mu 2004 kugeza 2005 muri Afurika y’Epfo.
Soma ikiganiro kirambuye Amb. Jendayi Frazer yagiranya na IGIHE mu biro bimwe by’umuturirwa Kigali City Tower ubwo yari inaha mu Rwanda mu ntangiriro z’iki cyumweru.
IGIHE: Ntaho ibikorwa bya gisirikari byigeze bikemura ibibazo bya politiki ku buryo burambye. Ese usanga umutwe w’ingabo udasanzwe woherejwe na Loni kurwanya inyeshyamba muri Congo, ari byo bizazana amahoro n’umutekano mu karere?
Frazer: Ndatekereza ko bigaragara neza cyane ko ibikorwa bya gisirikare byonyine bitabasha kugarura amahoro muri Congo. Ndatekereza ko icyifuzo cy’uri kuzanira umutekano abaturage mu gihe hakiriho ibiganiro by’amahoro byo kugerageza kugarura amahoro arambye mu karere.
Biratangaje kuba ibikorwa bya Loni byo kubungabunga amahoro bya MONUSCO, ari nawo mutwe munini wo kubungabunga amahoro ku isi utarabasha kubungabunga neza umutekano w’abaturage.
Nubwo MONUSCO nayo yari ifite ubutumwa bwo kurinda abasivile, icyagaragaye ni uko ibihugu nyabyo bifite ububasha bwo kugira icyo bitanga, bitigeze bigira ubushake bwo kubishyira mu bikorwa. Ikindi kandi hagumye kubaho kudasobanura neza ibintu kuva New York, ngo hamenyekane neza icyo MONUSCO ishinzwe gukora.
Rero noneho birasobanutse icyo uyu mutwe w’ingabo za Tanzania na Afurika y’Epfo ufite ubutumwa bwihariye uje gukora. Kuko bafite ububasha bahabwa n’Akarere ndetse na Loni bwo kurwana ukanarinda abaturage b’abasivile.
Ibyo rero ni ibyo bizeye. Ariko ibyo ntibizagarura amahoro. Amahoro ashobora kuzanwa gusa n’ibiganiro by’ubwumvikane mu bya politike, gahunda zo kwihuriza hamwe kw’abanyagihugu muri Congo, ndetse no gufasha inzego z’igihugu zirimo n’iza gisirikare kwiyumvamo ko ari abakozi b’igihugu ku buryo babasha gukora inshingano za bo nk’abakozi ba buri gihugu kiba kitezweho kurinda abaturage bacyo.
IGIHE: Uvugana na Al Jazeera ku kibazo cya Raporo ya Loni yashinjaga u Rwanda gufasha umutwe wa M23, bikaza gutera bamwe mu baterankunga kugabanya inkunga wavuze ko iriya raporo itari yuzuye, ese ni iki cyaburagamo?
Frazer: Raporo ntiboneye. Iyo uramutse usomye iyi raporo, usanga bavuga ngo hari intwaro bavuga ko zituruka mu Rwanda. Ariko ntibakurikirana ngo barebe inomero z’izo ntwaro ku ntwaro runaka bafashe ngo bazerekane, berekana gusa ikirundo cy’imbunda bagafata ifoto y’imbunda bagashyiraho biyicariye ahantu mu cyumba, bakakubwira bati “Twabwiye y’uko izi ntwaro zituruka mu Rwanda”, ariko se ni nde baba babajije koko?
Ariko reka njyewe nkwereke ikintu kimwe, iyo uri gukora koko akazi k’ubushakashatsi bufatika, ufata ya ntwaro ufite mu mafoto ubundi ugakurikirana ugashaka na nimero yayo, hanyuma ukabona by’ukuri aho iyo ntwaro yaturutse.
Reba njye ndi umwarimu wo muri kaminuza, njye rero nzi uko bakora ubushakashatsi bukorwa ku butaka bw’aho ikibazo kiba kiri. Ku ireme rero ry’ubu bushakashatsi rwose byari birenze kuba bikozwe nabi cyane mvugishije ukuri.
Iyi raporo iratanga ibyifuzo byinshi, irimo ibirego byinshi, ariko uburyo ikozwemo bwo ntabwo buhwitse rwose ukurikije uburyo ngenderwaho mu mikorwe y’ubushakashatsi mu kubaza ibibazo, mu gucukumbura. Rero rwose ni umwanda ukurikije imikorwe yayo.
Gusa reka nkwibwirire iki; mbere y’uko mba umunyamabanga wa leta wungirije ushinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga, igihe nari nkiri umujyanama wihariye wa Perezida muri 2001 - 2002, nabwo ndibuka ko hari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bumeze nk’ubu, icyo gihe bagaragazaga amazina y’abayobozi ba Amerika bavugwaga ko bari muri Ambasade ya Amerika muri Congo nyamara abo bantu bavugwaga batarigeze babaho.
Icyo Guverinoma ya Amerika yakoze ni uko twabashije kujya kuri iyi raporo tuwereka abayikoze ko abantu bavugwamo batigeze babaho, barangije ayo makuru bayavanamo muri raporo yabo.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yo rero ntiyahawe ubwo buryo ngo ibashe kugenda igaragaze ibiyivugwaho muri iyi raporo iruvuga bitari ukuri, bikaba byavanwamo. Ibi rero bigaragaza ko aya matsinda y’abashakshatsi ba Loni afite ikibazo, simvuze ko yose ari mabi, gusa iri ryo ryakoze nabi, iri ryabaye ribi cyane kuko bo bakoze akazi kabi cyane rwose katuzuye mu buryo bw’ubushakashatsi.
IGIHE: Usanga ari iki cyateye gukorwa nabi ku iriya raporo?
Frazer: Ubu sinzi icyabateye kuyikora nabi kuko sindababaza, ariko kenshi iyo uje ufite ibyo wibwira mu mutwe ushakisha ibizashyigikira bimwe wibwira gusa. Icyo nabwiwe ni uko ngo baba barishyuye abantu, bagombaga kuba abatangabuhamya. Abantu rero bakubwira inkuru bazi ko ushaka kuko baba bazi ko bari bwishyurwe.
IGIHE: Igihe cy’ukwezi uRwanda rwamaze ruyoboye akanama ka Loni k’umutekano mu kwezi kwashize, wakigereranya gute n’ibikorwa uRwanda rwagikozemo?
Frazer: Ubu sinkiri muri guverinoma ya Amerika, kandi sinkiri n’i New York, ku buryo nabasha kubyibonera ngo mbone n’ibimenyetso. Gusa ibyo numva ni uko mu kwezi u Rwanda rwayoboyemo ako kanama, rwashimwe kuba rwarashyize imbere ibibazo bifatika birimo; Amahoro n’umutekano, iby’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ndetse no kuba ruharanira kubaka amahoro.
Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, Mushikiwabo ashimwa cyane kuba akora akazi keza cyane nkuko raporo nyinshi z’ako kanama zibigaragaza.
Ikindi u Rwanda rushimirwa cyane ni ukuba rwarakoze uko rushoboye ngo rugere ku bihugu bindi bya Afurika kugira ngo rwemeze neza ko rwabashije kugaragaza ibibazo ndetse no guhagararira neza inyungu z’Abanyafurika bose nk’umugabane umwe.
Ibi si ukurushimagiza, ariko uburyo rwakoze ni uko rwagerageje kubanza kumva aho abaperezida b’ibindi bihugu na ba Minisitiri b’ububanyi n’amahanga babyo bahagaze mbere yo gufata umwanzuro uwo ariwo wose igihe rwayoboraga Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano ku isi.
IGIHE: Tubaye turetse ibirebana na Congo ni gute watubwira uko ubona u Rwanda aho ruhagaze mu iterambere n’ubukungu?
Frazer: U Rwanda rurazamuka mu buryo butangaje cyane. Buri gihe uko nje mu Rwanda nsanga hari abashoramari mpuzamahanga bashya bishimiye gushora imari yabo mu Rwanda, kubera uburyo boroherezwamo mu buryo bw’ibikorwa remezo, gukurikiza amategeko, ndetse n’uburyo byorohejwemo gukora ubucuruzi.
Niyo mpamvu ntekereza ko RDB ikwiye gushyigikirwa kuko ikora akazi keza ko kugenda ishakisha abashoramari ibahamagarira kuza gukorera mu Rwanda.
Mbere y’uko nza mu Rwanda, nari ndi mu ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’ubukungu, aho ibihugu bine byashimwe kuba bikurura abashoramari. Ibihugu bine by’ Afurika byibanzweho muri iyi nama, icya mbere ni Afurika y’Epfo kuko ari naho iri huriro ryaberaga i Capetown; icya kabiri cyari Nigeria, ari naho hazabera iri huriro umwaka utaha i Abuja; icya gatatu cyari Kenya kubera Perezida wayo mushya hari ibyishimo byinshi Abanyakenya benshi babukereye, hanyuma u Rwanda rwari urwa kane, kandi rwashyizwemo kuko ari intangarugero. U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bine bivugwa cyane kuba byoroshya ishoramari.
Kuko buri gihe iyo havuzwe kuzana abashoramari havugwa u Rwanda, uvuze gukuraho imbogamizi mu bucuruzi zidashingiye ku biciro, nawe avuga u Rwanda.
Rero u Rwanda ni intangarugero abantu bose usanga bibaza ukuntu u Rwanda rwabashije guhuruza abashoramari mpuzamahanga, bibaza uko rwabashije guhindura byinshi mu ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho, usanga bibaza ukuntu ruri kuzamura ubushobozi mu burezi, ku buryo u Rwanda rwavuzwe cyane mu ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’ubukungu.
(Ikiganiro Ambasaderi Frazer yagiranye na Al Jazeera: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uD7MRJlrgJ4)
TANGA IGITEKEREZO