Imyaka 20 irashize, Leta y’u Bufaransa hamwe n’abantu babifitemo inyungu runaka, cyane cyane abakenyereye guhakana no gupfobya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda muri Mata 1994, bahakana uruhare rwa Guverinoma y’u Bufaransa n’ubufatanye bwayo mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa iyi jenoside yahitanye abarenga miliyoni mu minsi itarenze 100.
Urubyiruko rwibumbiye mu Muryango w’ u Burayi Urwanya Ivanguramoko kuva mu mizi (EGAM), rwahagurukiye kotsa igitutu Guverinoma y’u Bufaransa ngo ishyire ahagaragara uruhare rwayo muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.
Kuva mu myaka 20 ishize, abanyamahanga batandukanye harimo n’Abanyarwanda nka Paul Rusesabagina, abifashijwemo na filimi “Hotel Rwanda” yuzuye ibinyoma yakinwe ku buzima bwe mu bihe jenoside, aho avuga ko yarokoye imbaga y’abatutsi muri hoteri Mille Collines, bagenda bahakana bakanapfobya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi; impamvu y’ibi ni ukugoreka amateka, bakayahindura uko bamwe mu babaha amaramuko bifuza ko yamera, iminsi ikicuma ityo.
Mu minsi ishize, nibwo Twagiramungu Faustin yumvikanye mu kiganiro Imvo n’Imvano kuri BBC avuga ko u Bufaransa nta ruhare na ruto rwagize muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, avuga ko ahubwo Abanyarwanda ubwabo ari bo bakwiriye kubazwa iby’amateka yabo.
Si ubwa mbere havugwa ko Leta y’u Bufaransa yagize uruhare rufatika muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, ariko iyi guverinoma yashyize agati mu ryinyo. Bamwe mu baturage bayo, bafite aho bahuriye n’ayo mateka, bagiye banga kuryamana ukuri, bakabivuga. Ibi byagaragaye mu bitabo byinshi na raporo zanditswe muri uru rwego.
Kuri ubu noneho, EGAM, umuryango uhuriwemo n’abayobozi b’amashyaka, amashyirahamwe n’amahuriro y’urubyiruko rwo mu bihugu bigeze kuri 30, yasohoye itangazo rihamagarira u Bufaransa kugaragaza ukuri ku ruhare rwayo rudashidikanywaho yagize muri jenoside yahitanye inzirakarengane zazize uko zavutse.
Nk’uko babigaragaje ku rubuga rw’uyu muryango, uru rubyiruko rwiyemeje kwamagana amateka aroze barazwe n’imikoranire y’u Bufaransa na Leta yari iyoboye u Rwanda muri ibyo bihe kandi baribaza impamvu habayeho guceceka gukabije ku kugaragaza abantu babigizemo uruhare. Mu ntero yabo babinyujije muri iryo tangazo bagize bati:
“Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi: Turashaka ukuri, kandi turagushaka nonaha”.
Itsinda ry’abashyize umukono kuri iryo tangazo barangajwe imbere n’abayobozi ba EGAM rizasura u Rwanda kuva tariki ya 21 kugeza kuya 29 Kamena. Iri tsinda rizaba rizanye ubutumwa bw’umucyo n’ubumuntu ku rubyiruko rw’u Rwanda.
Ubwo bazaba bari mu Rwanda, bazajya kunamira inzirakarengane ziciwe mu Bisesero ndetse bifatanye mu bindi bikorwa bigamije gusubiza icyubahiro abatutsi bazize jenoside muri Mata 1994.
Dore itangazo uko ryakabaye:
Duhangayikishijwe na jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, nk’uko duhangayikishijwe n’ibindi byaha byibasiriye inyokomuntu. Turahangayitse cyane bitewe n’uko iki cyaha ari kimwe mu bigize amateka y’igihugu cyacu. Twamaganye guceceka kwabayeho ahubwo turasaba ukuri. Iyi niyo mpamvu twese tuzajya mu Rwanda, aho tuzashyikiriza ubu butumwa sosiyete sivile ndetse n’urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda.
Reka bisobanuke neza: Paris yashyigikiye Leta y’u Rwanda mbere, mu gihe na nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, yahitanye abarenga miliyoni hagati y’ukwezi kwa Mata na Nyakanga 1994.
Mu gihe cya manda ya kabiri y’imyaka irindwi ya Francois Mitterand, abanyapolitiki bo mu nzego zo hejuru, bo mu mashyaka yombi (Conservatives/ liberals) bari bafite gahunda ya politiki y’ibanga yamaze imyaka ine, ni ukuvuga kuva 1990 kugeza 1994.
Iyi gahunda y’ibanga, itarigeze igarukwaho na rimwe mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko cyangwa ngo iganirizwe abaturage b’u Bufaransa, yari ihatse mu buryo budashidikanywaho, ubufasha mu bya politiki, igisirikare ndetse na dipolomasi ku bahezanguni bari barihurije muri Hutu Pawa. Aka kazu kari kazwi neza na Leta y’u Bufaransa, kandi yari izi neza irondakoko, ubuhezanguni ndetse n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside kari gafite.
Mu myaka 20 ishize, aba banyapolitiki, mu kugerageza kurwana ku cyubahiro cyabo, bakomeje kubangamira ishyirwa ahagaragara ry’ukuri, bahakana uruhare rw’u Bufaransa, ibi bigasa nk’ipfobya rya jenoside.
Gusa, amateka arivugira...
Birazwi ko kuva mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1990 kugeza mu mpera za 1993, Paris yahaye ubufasha abahezanguni b’abahutu mu guha imbaraga no kongerera intwaro jandarumori y’igihugu n’umutwe urinda Perezida wa Repubulika, iyi mitwe akaba ari yo yongereye ubukana jenoside. Ubu bufasha kandi bwatangwaga, hirengagijwe telegaramu za dipolomasi zaburiraga u Bufaransa guhagarika umugambo wo gutsamba abatutsi. Ubu bufasha ntibwigeze buhagarikwa haba mu gihe cya jenoside ndetse na nyuma yayo.
Birazwi ko Guverinoma y’Abatabazi yashingiwe muri Ambasade y’Abafaransa, igikorwa cyari gihagarikiwe n’Ambasaderi w’u Bufaransa, umunsi umwe nyuma y’iraswa rya Habyarimana Juvenal. Ibi byafashwe nk’intambwe ya nyuma ku gikorwa cyari cyarateguwe, kuko cyahise gitangira amasaha macye cyane nyuma y’iyo nama, bakabimburira ku iyicwa rya Agathe Uwilingiyimana, Minisitiri w’Intebe waharaniraga demokarasi.
Birazwi ko tariki ya 27 Mata 1994, jenoside igeze hagati, Leta y’u Bufaransa yahise yitanguranwa mu bindi bihugu, yakira Jerome Bicamumpaka, wari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga na Jean Bosco Barayagwiza, washize “Radiyo Rutwitsi” ya RTLM.
Birazwi ko “Operation Turquoise” (Soma operasiyo turukwaze) yashyizweho tariki ya 22 Kamena ishingiye ku gice cya 7 cy’amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, nticyari igikorwa cyo gufasha abantu cyangwa kitabogamye, ahubwo kiswe gityo. Birumvikana, inshingano za Operation Turquoise zari ziswe ko ari “guhagarika ubwicanyi”, ariko kandi ko bari bagamije “gusubizaho ubuyobozi” bwa “gisivili na gisirikare” bwari bumaze gukora jenoside.
Birazwi ko kugirango babashe kurokora abarokotse jenoside, byabaye ngombwa ko bamwe mu basirikare b’Abafaransa basuzugura itegeko bari bahawe n’abayobozi bakuru ba Operation Turquoise. Ibi byemezwa n’ubuhamya bw’abarokokeye mu misozi ya Bisesero, bari bamaze gutabwa n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa bakabasigira abicanyi babamaranye iminsi itatu yose babica urubozo.
Birazwi ko kandi ko iki gikorwa cya gisirikare cyiswe icyo “gutabara muntu” cyari kigamije gufasha no korohereza Leta y’Abatabazi n’interahamwe guhungira mu cyahoze ari Zayire, barinzwe n’umutwe wa gisirikare. Uyu mutwe wa gisirikare kandi wari warahawe itegeko ryo kudakoresha intwaro zabo ubwo boherezwaga muri ubwo butumwa.
Urutonde rugaragaza ibimenyetso ni rurerure, hagendewe ku nyandiko, iperereza ry’itangazamakuru ndetse n’iry ‘Inteko Ishinga amategeko ryo mu 1998. Ibimenyetso byagendeweho ntibikomeye ariko bigaragaza bihagije imikoranire yimbitse yabayeho hagati y’abayobozi bakomeye b’u Bufaransa ndetse na Leta yise abatutsi barenga miliyoni mu Rwanda.
Mu myaka 20 ishize, aba bayobozi bakomeje kwihisha inyuma y’ “Icyubahiro cy’u Bufaransa”, aho bavuga ko iyi ari imbogamizi ikomeye. Uko kwirinda kwabo nta kindi kugamije uretse gushaka guhirimana n’u Bufaransa, bagamije guhisha uruhare rwabo inyuma y’ubunyangamugayo bw’igihugu cyacu.
Ikibazo gikwiriye kwibazwa none kiroroshye kandi kirumvikana: Ese aba banyepolitiki bake nibo bahagarariye u Bufaransa? Ku bw’iki kibazo, u Bufaransa bushya, bw’iki gihe, burasubiza OYA n’ijwi rirenga.
Twebwe, urubyiruko rw’ abayobozi b’amashyaka yo mu Bufaransa, b’amashyirahamwe y’urubyiruko, ubu nonaha turaharanira ukuri. Gushakisha ukuri kuri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni ingenzi. Ibi ntibibayeho kubera gusunikwa cyangwa gufashwa n’urwego urwo ari rwo rwose rwaba urwa dipolomasi, politiki, ubutegetsi cyangwa guverinoma.
Kuri mwe mwese mwizera ko ikinyoma cyo mu rwego rw’igihugu kiruta kure ukuri kugaragaza uruhare rw’ Abafaransa bake muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, turababwira ko u Bufaransa iteka bwashikamye kandi bugahagarara kigabo mu guhangana n’ingaruka zabwo z’ahahise. Ugushaka kumenya ukuri ni itegeko, no gukuraho ikinyoma ni inshingano.
Binyuze mu kwemera kw’amashyaka atandukanye, urubyiruko rwacu rwamaganye ubufatanye bwuje uburozi bwabayeho. Turarwanya ukwirengagiza, uguhakana no guceceka kwa leta. Kurwanya ihakana kuri twe, ntituzabitsimburwaho.
Ntabwo twiteguye kureka abayobozi bake bakavuga mu izina ry’ Bufaransa, mu izina ryacu. Ntabwo twiteguye kubareka, bafite ibiganza byanduye, bagakoresha izina ry’u Bufaransa nk’ ingabo ibakingira, mu gihe u Bufaransa butigeze bumenyeshwa ibijyanye n’ibikorwa byabo, bityo nta n’aho buhuriye n’ingaruka zabo. Turagira ngo tubwire abo bantu bashaka gukoresha icyubahiro cy’igihugu cyacu ko igihe nikigera, u Bufaransa n’amateka bizabahana byihanukiriye.
Turasaba ko abo bemeje iyo politiki ya rukarabankaba, ariko cyane cyane n’ abagize aya matsinda yacu, gufata iya mbere bagasubiza banatanga ibimenyetso byizewe, ibibazo bikeneye ibisubizo ku bijyanye n’uruhare rw’u Bufaransa muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Ni byiza cyane kugenzura buri kantu no kwiga ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Gufungura amateka nonaha bifatwe nk’itegeko kugirango abanyamateka bakore bisanzuye.
Tuzajya mu Bisesero gushyingura mu cyubahiro abishwe no guha icyubahiro Abafaransa bo muri Operation Turquoise, basuzuguye amategeko, bakagerageza kurokora abagabo, abagore n’abana bari baciriwe urwo gupfa.
Urugendo rwacu mu Rwanda rugamije kandi guhagararira u Bufaransa butigeze buboneka mu bikorwa byo kwibuka, bizasozwa tariki ya 4 Nyakanga.
TANGA IGITEKEREZO