Abakoze Jenoside, ni Abanyarwanda kandi ni n’ababyeyi ba bamwe cyangwa benshi mu banyarwanda. Abayikorewe na bo ni abanyarwanda, bamwe basigaye ari incike, abandi imfubyi, ndetse hari n’abasigiwe ingaruka mbi by’agahomamunwa n’iyo Jenoside.
Abana bavutse mu miryango yo kuri buri rumwe muri izo mpande ubu ni urubyiruko rukomerewe n’ingaruka n’ingorane zibarenze, ku buryo bakeneye aho kuvugira ibyo imitima yabo yumva yarananiwe kwihanganira kubika.
Nyamara bamwe muri bo ntibabonye byinshi nk’abakuru badashaka kuvuga ukuri kose uko kwabaye cyangwa ngo bababazwe n’ibyo bagizemo uruhare.
Urubyiruko rw’Abanyarwanda, ntabwo ruri muri ibyo bice bibiri gusa, kuko noneho hari igice cy’urubyiruko rwaheze mu rungabangabo rwo kubura aho rwisanga nibura muri ibyo bice byombi, kuko rwavutse ku mpande zombi, rukisanga rufata ku mpande zose, aho rufite igice cy’umuryango wishe, n’ikindi gice cy’umuryango wishwemo, bikabaheza mu gihirahiro cyuzuye ipfunwe no kwiyanga.
Ubu ni uburwayi buri mu mitima y’urubyiruko rw’Abanyarwanda, rwisanga rwaragizweho ingaruka n’ibyo ababyeyi barwo bakoze, bitari mu mezi atatu gusa yo muri Mata 1994, ahubwo bihereye kera mu mateka ya Repubulika zose, kandi bifite inkomoko mu bihe by’ubukoloni bw’Ababiligi.
Umuti waravuguswe
Urubyiruko rwa nyuma ya Jenoside rubarirwa mu myaka 24 na 40, ni ukuvuga abari bafite hagati y’imyaka ine na 20, ubu ni rwo rurimo kwishakamo ibisubizo ku buryo rwabasha gukizamo imitima yarwo yuzuye agahinda kenshi, ipfunwe, ikimwaro, kutiyakira, ubwoba-muzi (kwitinya) n’igihirahiro mu kumenya icyo bakora.
Mu gushaka uwo muti w’imitima, uru rubyiruko rw’Abanyarwanda, rwashatse uburyo rwahura rukavugana ku mateka yarwo mu kuri kose no kwizerana, maze hagashakirwa hamwe umuti urambye watuma u Rwanda rutazasubira ahabi, ahubwo rukagana heza.
Ku bufatanye bwa Imbuto Foundation, Minisiteri y’urubyiruko n’ikoranabuhanga (MYICT), hamwe na “Art for peace” cyangwa ubuhanzi bw’amahoro, hateguwe igikorwa cyo guhuza urubyiruko rw’Abanyarwanda mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu, rugirana ibiganiro bivugisha ukuri kose (Open Dialogue) ku ngorane zose zarwo, n’ingaruka batewe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kandi ikozwe ahanini n’ababyeyi, abavandimwe n’abo mu miryango bya bamwe muri bo, kandi igakorerwa bene abo ku rundi ruhande.
Iyi gahunda yatewe inkunga na Minisiteri y’umuco na Siporo (MINISPOC), Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu (MINALOC), Minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango (MIGEPROF), minisiteri y’uburezi (MINEDUC), Komisiyo y’igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG), Inama y’igihugu y’urubyiruko(NYC), ndetse na komisiyo y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (NURC).
Ibi biganiro (UBUHAMYA) ku kuri kose kw’ibyabaye mu miryango y’Abanyarwanda mu bihe by’amakimbirane, intambara, ndetse na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, byagiye bitegurwa mu turere 15 kuri 30 tugize igihugu, maze urubyiruko rugaragaza mu biganiro byuzuye ukuri no kwizerana, ko ibyo rwakorewe n’abakurambere barwo byaruteye ipfunwe n’ikimwaro, bigeze n’aho bamwe bifuza kuba ari bo bari kuba baravutse mbere y’abababyaye.
Nk’uko umuhanzi akaba n’intumwa y’amahoro yabyihayemo ubutumwa, Edouard Bamporiki, wanagiye ayobora ibiganiro byose yabigarutseho, yaragize ati “Twabanye ikimwaro turebye ibyo abo dukomokaho bagiye bakorera u Rwanda, tugera aho twifuza tuti ‘Iyo aba ari twe twavutse mbere y’ababyeyi bacu, kuko badusize ikibi tutabatumye.”
Ubuhamya bw’amateka y’abana b’u Rwanda
Abavutse ku mpande zose ubu bumva bashyize hamwe, bakababazwa n’ibyakozwe n’abababyaye, abavandimwe n’imiryango, bakabikorera abandi babyeyi, abavandimwe n’abana ba bamwe ku ruhande rw’Abatutsi. Uru rubyiruko byageze aho bumva basaba imbabazi ku ruhande rw’ababyeyi babo, ariko ahanini bakifuza ko hazagira umwe mu bakuru utinyuka akagaragaza ibyo, urungano rw’abakuze na rwo rusaba imbabazi z’ibibi rwakoreye igihugu n’abana babo.
Rurangwa Denis w’imyaka 38 kuri ubu, akaba avuka mu cyahoze ari Cyangugu i Rusizi, avuga ko aterwa isoni n’ibyo Abahutu bene wabo bakoze.
Avuga ko mu gihe cya Jenoside ubwo yari afite imyaka 18, yabona abantu bicwa akabaza abicwa abo ari bo, agasanga ari Abatutsi kandi atari we, maze yanabaza impamvu bicwa akabwirwa ko ari uko na bo ni baticwa bazica abahutu, kandi bakaba banishe Habyarimana. Akomeza avuga ko na we yumvaga nta kibazo ubwo we atari bwicwe, kandi akumva n’abicwa ubwo bafite icyo bazira ari nta kibazo.
Ubwo yari mu kiganiro cyaberaga muri Hotel Serena ku wa 30 Kamena 2013, gihuje urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda rwo mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu, n’imiryango bavukamo itandukanye mu buryo bw’amoko, Rurangwa Denis yahagurutse amaze kuvuga ibyo byose n’uko yabyumvaga, aravuga ati “Nsabye imbabazi rwose z’ibyo Abahutu bakoze, bakabikora mu izina ry’Abahutu bose. Kuko sinumva koko impamvu niba baricaga ababarwanyije, barenzeho bakajya no kwica impija, bakica abasaza, bakica n’abasazi bo mu muhanda.”
Si we wenyine wahagurutse nk’usheshe akanguhe ngo avuge ko asabye imbabazi ku bw’ibyo Abahutu bakoze biyitirira izina ry’ubuhutu, kuko na Boniface Rucagu, kuri ubu uyobora itorero ry’igihugu, akaba yaranabaye mu butegetsi bwateguye bukanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside, nk’umuntu wigeze kuba Superefe akaba na Depite w’icyo gihe, yagize ati “Nanjye nk’umuntu wabaye mu butegetsi bwakoze Jenoside, Abanyarwanda nzabasaba imbabazi.”
Ku bw’ibiganiro barahuye barababarirana ubu ni inshuti
Ba Jeanne babiri bombi bavuka mu karere ka Gisagara, mu murenge wa Ndora, ahazwi nka Cyamukozo havugwaho ko habaye ubwicanyi bukabije muri Gisagara y’ubu, umwe ni uwarokotse Jenoside, ariko akaba afite ubwandu bw’agakoko ka Sida yandujwe ku myaka 13 yari afite icyo gihe, undi ni Jeanne wari ufite imyaka ine muri Jenoside, wabyawe n’uwishe umuryango wa bazina we, akanahagarikira abamufashe ku gahato bakamwanduza Sida.
Kuri ubu aba bakobwa bombi basigaye ari inshuti magara nyuma yo guhuzwa bakaganira, umwe agasaba imbabazi ku bw’ibyaha bya se, undi na we akababarira umwana ibyo yamubonagamo yakorewe na se.
Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi aho Jeanne muto amenyeye ibyo se yakoze, yabayeho mu ipfunwe rikomeye, yabona bazina we akiruka cyangwa akihisha, ariko ubu barahamya ko byarangiye kuko babana bakanafashanya kuri ubu.
Ipfunwe n’isoni byatumye bumva hari icyo bagenewe n’icyo batagenewe
Bamporiki yumvaga azacukura imisarani ubuzima bwe bwose
Edouard Bamporiki ni umuhanzi w’imivugo na Sinema, wavutse mu muryango w’Abahutu, bamubwiye ko batavangiye. Avuga ko yavunwe na byo igihe kirekire, bitewe n’inyigisho mbi we yita «uburozi» abari mu rungano rwe bamwe bamize bakabwonswa, ku buryo bibagora kwerura bamwe ngo babikire kandi bihora bibavuna.
Bamporiki yarebye Jenoside n’amaso ye ari umwana muto, abona ubwicanyi bw’indengakamere, kandi abwirwa ko ibyo bikorwa byemewe kuko ari Abahutu bica Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa n’ubundi.
Kuri we nk’umuntu wari ufite imyaka icumi igihe Jenoside yabaga, avuga ko yabonye byinshi bibi akumva yanze kuba Umuhutu burundu, ariko byo kutagira amahitamo icyo gihe yagumye kuba we.
Atagendeye ku byo yabonye gusa, ahubwo ahanini ku byo yabwiwe, Bamporiki yisanze mu mujyi wa Kigali adafite kubaho, agera n’aho gucukura umusarane wa metero indwi kuko yari yarabwiwe n’abandi bahutu ko bene ako kazi ariko kagenewe Abahutu nka we, maze na we abyakira atyo.
Avuga ko yavunwe n’ubuhutu, kutiyakira, ipfunwe n’ikimwaro, imyaka itari mike kugeza mu 2006, ubwo yaje kubikizwa no kubivuga, ari i Kibagabaga muri Gahunda yo kwibuk ; maze aho yari yagiye kuvuga umuvugo, bigahindukamo kuvuga ubuhamya bwe nk’umwana w’Umuhutu warebye Jenoside atihishe. Ubwo yari amaze kuvuga byose n’uko byamuvunnye imyaka myinshi, yumva araruhutse kandi arakize.
Kuva ubwo na magingo aya, Bamporiki ari mu bikorwa byo gufasha n’abandi bahetamishijwe n’ibyo ababo bakoze, bakaba bumva bitinya mu muryango nyarwanda, bakabona aho bavugira bagakira, bakongera kugira agaciro mu mitima yabo, abicishije mu ihuriro yashyizeho yise “Art for Peace”.
Nelly Mukazayire kuba nyina yaragize uruhare muri Jenoside byamubereye umuzigo
Mukazayire, ukorera mu biro bya Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, nk’umujyanama mukuru, we yabayeho avunwa cyane no kumenya ko nyina yakoze Jenoside kuva aho abimenyeye, kandi noneho icyamuvunnye kurushaho ni ukuba nyina yarakoze Jenoside, abo mu muryango wa se bo bakaba barayiguyemo.
Mukazayire avuga ko yabanje kubaho atazi uruhare rwa nyina muri Jenoside, ndetse akanabana cyane n’abana barokotse Jenoside, maze igihe kimwe mu 1997 ubwo yari mu mwaka wa kabiri w’amashuri yisumbuye ni bwo yaje kubimenya abibwiye n’umwe mu bana biganaga.
Akibimenya yabuze icyo gukora ahera mu rungabangabo, inshuti yari afite zimuvaho, asigara yarabuze uruhande na rumwe yajyamo haba Abahutu, haba Abatutsi kuko ntaho yakirwaga neza.
Avuga ko ibyo yabanye na byo igihe kirekire, bimuvuna akiri umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza, birakomeza mu kazi, yarananiwe kwiyakira, ku buryo noneho byaje kumukomerana ubwo yari abonye akazi muri Primature, akumva ko bitashoboka ko umuntu nka we ufite umubyeyi wakoze Jenoside yakora mu biro bya Minisitiri w’intebe.
Si aho byamukomereye gusa kuko ho yashyize arabyakira, yumva ko wenda niba aho bikunze ubwo ari ho gusa ho gukora nta n’ikindi yumva yakwifuza.
Ntiyashoboraga gukeka noneho ko no muri Perezidansi yagerayo, kuko ubwo yahamagarwaga ngo ajye kubonana n’abashinzwe gutangayo imirimo we yatangiye kwikeka amababa akumva ko hari icyo byanze bikunze nyina yakoze agiye kubazwa cyangwa se ubwo hari ikindi byanze bikunze agiye gukurikiranwaho nk’umwana uvuka ku mujenosideri.
Yivugira ko ubwo bamubwiraga ko ari impamvu z’akazi bamushakira, atigeze abyemera ngo yakire ko nawe byashoboka ko akorera muri Perezidansi. Ubwe ngo yihamagariye uwari ushinzwe ibyo gutanga akazi barahura amuganirira , amubwiza ukuri ko yumva bitashoboka, ako kazi bakihorera kuko we nk’umuntu wavutse ku mujenosideri yumva bidashoboka, nyuma yo kumwumva bose baraturitse bararira, maze amuhumuriza amubwira ko ibyo babibizi, ariko kandi ko ibyo bidakwiye kubazwa we nk’umwana, ko ari icyaha cy’umubyeyi ku giti cye.
Nelly Mukazayire, ubu avuga ko yumva yarigaruriye icyizere, ibyishimo n’ubuzima, ndetse ngo kuri ubu afata n’umwanya agasura nyina muri gereza akamuganiriza akamwitaho kuko nubwo yakoze ibibi ni nyina. Ati “Sinterwa ishema n’ibyo mama yakoze, ariko ni mama nyine, nta kundi ngomba kumwitaho yarambyaye.”
Mukazayire icyo yishimira cyane ni uko kuri ubu muri Leta y’ubumwe, ubuyobozi buha amahirwe angana Abanyarwanda bose bashaka kubaka igihugu, hatitawe k’uwo ari we n’aho aturuka. Bivuze ko urubyiruko ari inshingano yarwo gufata iyambere rukabyaza ayo mahirwe rufite umusaruro rukiteza imbere n’igihugu muri rusange.
Umubyeyi wa Mukazayire na we aho ari muri Gereza ya Kigali 1930, atangaza ko ashima Leta y’u Rwanda yo idashobora guhora umwana ibibi byakozwe n’ababyeyi, ndetse akongeraho ko yumva afite icyubahiro kuba abana be batarabujijwe amahirwe ayo ari yo yose mu gihugu n’ibibi yakoze, nk’uko Jean Baptiste Habyarimana Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge yavuze ko babiganiriye.
Ingaruka si iz’igihe gito, ariko u Rwanda rurahambaye
Umuhanga mu bujyanama bwo mu mutwe Esther Mujawayo, uba mu Budage, yavuze ko Abanyaburayi bahora bamubaza ukuntu Abanyarwanda babasha kurenga ku byababayeho, bakabasha kongera kubana bakabishobora.
Uyu muhanga mu byo mu mutwe yagize ati “U Rwanda rurihuta muri byose no gukira ibikomere bya Jenoside bikihuta, kurusha uko Abayahudi n’Abadage bamaze imyaka irenga 60 bavuye muri Jenoside, babyifashemo.”
Mujawayo avuga ko bishimishije, kuko aho u Rwanda rugana ari heza, kandi ko yumva bimuha icyizere ko ejo harwo ari heza, n’ubwo ingaruka za Jenoside no guhungabana, bitabura kubaho ku byiciro by’urungano bigera kuri bine cyangwa bitatu.
Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko nibura izi ngaruka zibasha kugera no ku bavutse ikibazo cyararangiye, aho bimara imyaka isaga 120 cyangwa 90, bikurikije ko ubundi icyiciro cy’urungano kibarwa mu myaka 30.
Uyu mutegarugori w’umunyarwandakazi agereranya amateka u Rwanda rwanyuzemo ashingiye ku ngaruka zayo, akabisanisha n’aho ayo mateka mabi yagiye yitsindika maze bikamera nk’icukiro.
Icukiro, ubundi riba ari aho barundaga amase y’inka bamaze gukuka. Aho ryabaga riri habaga umunuko ukabije, ku buryo ntawifuza kuhegera ngo ahamare umwanya, ariko hafi yaryo iyo hagiraga ikihamera nk’uruyuzi cyangwa igitoki, cyaratohaga cyane hakera igihaza cyangwa igitoki kinini cyaterurwa n’abantu babiri, nk’uko Mujawayo abivuga.
Ibyifuzo by’urubyiruko
Nyuma yo kuganirizwa na benshi mu nararibonye, abazi amateka, abayobozi bavuga amaranagmutima yabo bitari politiki, ndetse n’abahanga mu mateka n’ubushakashatsi bwayo, ndetse hanyuma yo kuganirizwa na General Kabarebe akababwiza ukuri ku rugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda ingoyi y’ubugizi bwa nabi n’ubugome bwakorerwaga igice cy’Abanyarwanda, ndetse bakanahabwa ikiganiro na Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame, urubyiruko rwagaragaje ibyifuzo byinshi byiganjemo ko amateka ya Jenoside yabikwa, akabungwabungwa, kugira ngo abere akabarore n’abazaza nyuma y’ibihe byinshi.
Bamporiki yasabye ko mu mujyi wa Kigali hakubakwa ishusho y’urwibutso (monument) igaragaza amateka ya Jenoside, ku buryo n’abana bazavuka igihe ntawe uzaba agihari wayibonye yaba umukuru cyangwa umuto, abazareba iyo shusho rwibutso, bazamenya ko habaye amarorerwa adakwiye kongera kubaho ukundi.
Hifujwe kandi ko ibi biganiro byo kubwizanya ukuri byarenga urubyiruko gusa, n’abakuru bagatinyuka bakabwirana ukuri, bakakubwira ababakomokaho batakugoreka, bagaharanira ubunyarwanda kurusha amoko yatumye bamwe bicwa bayazira.
Hatanzwe n’icyifuzo ko amateka yasubirwamo, ayo bumvise batari barabwiwe cyane cyane n’aya Jenoside, akandikwa akongerwa mu mfashanyigisho kandi akanashyirwa muri gahunda z’amashuri yose, guhera mu y’abanza kugeza muri Kaminuza.
Ibi bibazo bigaragazwa n’ababashije gutanga ubuhamya ku bibi byagiye bibera muri iki gihugu cy’u Rwanda, n’ingaruka byagiye bigira kuri buri muntu wese, ahanini mu mutwe, mu mitekerereze, ni bike ugereranyije n’ibitavuzwe kuko buri umwe wese avuze, agatinyuka akavuga n’ibyo ahisha, akagerageza kutibuza kuvuga no gutekerezaho, haboneka byinshi bitangaje nk’uko Perezida wa Repubulika na we yabigarutse, aho yavuze ko imitwe yacu nk’Abanyarwanda, irimo byinshi cyane.
TANGA IGITEKEREZO