Imibare y’Agashami k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu muri RDC (BCNUDH), igaragaza ko mu 2025 abagore 854 n’abakobwa 672 bafashwe ku ngufu, hafi 80% muri bo baba mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo.

Iyi raporo isobanura ko imitwe irimo FDLR yihariye 75% mu gufata abagore n’abakobwa ku ngufu, kandi ko ikibabaje kurushaho ari uko abo mu nzego za Leta ya RDC (FARDC), igisirikare (PNC) n’urw’iperereza (ANR) bagize uruhare rwa 19% muri dosiye zabonewe amakuru.

IGIHE yagiranye ikiganiro cyihariye na bamwe mu bagore n’abakobwa b’Abanyarwandakazi bahoze mu mutwe wa FDLR, bamaze igihe bahabwa inyigisho zo gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe mu Kigo cya Mutobo mu Karere ka Musanze, bagaruka ku buzima bushaririye banyuzemo.

Bose bahuriye ku kuba barajyanwe muri FDLR bashimuswe n’abarwanyi b’uyu mutwe, bagakorerwa ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo birimo gusambanywa bakiri abana biganjemo abari hagari y’imyaka 13 na 14 y’amavuko, bakajya banyweshwa ibiyobyabwenge birimo urumogi na Kanyanga kugira ngo ntibamenye uko basambanyijwe, dore ko bose baba batazi umubare w’abagabo babasambanyije kubera ubwinshi bwabo.

Ikindi bahuriyeho ni ukwigishwa gukora ibikorwa bya gisirikare nko kurashisha imbunda, gutega no gutegura ibisasu, gukoreshwa indi murimo y’uburetwa, guhabwa ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro bikamera nk’ifunguro ryabo rya buri munsi, usamye agakurirwamo inda nabi ahabwa ibinini byo kuyikuramo ku ngufu cyangwa agafatwa ku ngufu cyane kugira ngo ivemo.

Uwanze gukuramo inda aricwa nubwo hari abagiye babasha kuzihisha bagatoroka, cyangwa abandi bagahabwa amahirwe ya kabiri bakemererwa kuzibyara kugira ngo basubire mu kazi bitewe n’inshingano zikomeye baba baratorejwe gukora, zirimo nko gukora ubutasi, kurasa n’ibindi.

FDLR isambanya abana ibyita kwivura ubusaza

FDLR igizwe ahanini n’abahoze mu Ngabo za Leta ya Habyarimana Juvénal bahungiye muri RDC nyuma yo gutegura no gukora Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Kuri ubu uyu mutwe wahawe rugari aho ukorera mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC.

Kwica abantu, gufata ku ngufu, gusahura no gukora ibindi bikorwa by’iterabwoba ni byo byaranze uyu mutwe ukorera mu kwaha kwa Leta ya RDC, kuva washingwa kugeza magingo aya.

Mu 1997, Abacengezi basubiye mu Rwanda birara mu bice bitandukanye birimo Akarere ka Ngororero, bashimuta abasore bafite imbaraga n’abana b’abakobwa biganjemo ab’imyaka 13 bakabasambanya bavuga ko amaraso y’abato abavura ubusaza, ndetse abo bakobwa bakajyanwa mu bindi bikorwa bya FDLR birimo kugirwa abakozi babatekera ibiryo bakanabibatwaza mu bitero, kujya gusahura mu baturage n’ibindi.

Mukagasana (Izina ryahinduwe) ubu ufite imyaka 43, mu 1997 Abacengezi binjira mu Rwanda yari afite imyaka 14, bakaba barageze n’iwabo mu yahoze ari Komini ya Kanama bica se, we baramushimuta ndetse baramusambanya, banamujyana mu gisirikare cya FDLR.

Ati ‘‘Ni ho Abacengezi bansanze, batwara umubyeyi wanjye ndetse bica n’umushyitsi (mubyara we) wari uri aho. Data baramufashe bamuca umutwe, baramukomezanya bamujyana mu gace FDLR yakoreragamo, bari Abacengezi icyo gihe. Bamumanika ku giti ngo abantu bose barebe. [...] Basahuye inka 10 zari mu rugo, njye baranshorera banjyana mu cyahoze ari Komini ya Ramba, Segiteri ya Mabuye.’’

‘‘Tutaragerayo neza, nakorewe ihohoterwa nkiri mu mayira. Baransambanyije, kuko nari umwana muto, nari mfite imyaka 14, kugenda birananira bancumbikisha mu nzira baza kuhankura ndi kubasha gutambuka. Ngezeyo bankoresheje igisirikare nabwo ntabishoboye, ariko banyobya ubwenge banywesha urumogi kugira ngo mbashe gutinyuka ibyo bankoresheje byose.’’

Ubu buhamya kandi Mukagasana abuhuriyeho na Muhawenimana (Izina ryahinduwe) w’imyaka 46 wari ufite imyaka 16 mu 1997, washimuswe n’Abacengezi mu Karere ka Ngororero bakamukoresha mu bikorwa bya FDLR, nyuma yo gusambanyirizwa mu maso y’ababyeyi be bakabica, mukuru we bakamutera inda yananirwa urugendo na we bakamwica.

Muhawenimana ati ‘‘Abacengezi baje basaba amacumbi basaba n’ibyo kurya. Ababyeyi barabakinguriye kuko byari ku gahato. [...] Mu gihe cyo kuryama baravuga bati ‘Ufite abakobwa ntabwo twarara twenyine!’ Ababyeyi bacu baravuga bati ‘Ntabwo ibyo bishoboka! Niba muje musaba icumbi mugasaba ibyo kurya tukaba tubibahaye, gute mwakwifuza abana bacu?’ Ubwo nari mu rugo na mukuru wanjye nakurikiraga bwa kabiri, badufata ku ngufu bakubita n’ababyeyi bacu iryo Joro.’’

‘‘Badufata ku ngufu baraturarana imbere y’ababyeyi bacu. [...] Papa we yanateye n’amahane cyane bimukurizamo gupfa, apfana na mama. Baramwishe bavuga bati ‘Wa gisaza we niba udashoboye kumva ibyo tuvuga, ushobora kuba uri icyitso cy’Inkotanyi, tugomba kukwica.’ Papa bamwiciye imbere yacu bamukubita ifuni, na mama bamukubita ifuni, barapfa. Bamaze gupfa ntibahadusiga baradushimuta baratujyana, ababyeyi banjye ntabwo nzi uburyo bashyinguwemo.’’

Aba bagore ndetse na bagenzi babo bashimuswe mu 1997 bakiri abana, bifashishijwe n’Abacengezi mu bikorwa birimo kujya gutata amakuru ku hari ingabo za RPA ngo zigabweho ibitero, kuyobora Abacengezi mu ngo z’abaturage bari bifashije kugira ngo bazisahure, gutekera Abacengezi no kwikorera ibiryo bajyana mu bitero, kwigishwa gukoresha intwaro bakitabira ibitero birimo n’ibyagabwe ku banyeshuri b’i Nyange, hadasigaye kugenda basambanywa inzira zose.

Hagati ya 1997-1998, Abacengezi bamaze kumeneshwa ni bwo benshi muri bo bahungiye mu mashyamba ya RDC bashinga umutwe wa FDLR, bakomerezayo ibikorwa byabo by’ubugizi bwa nabi birimo no kwica Abatutsi, gushimuta abana bakajyanwa mu gisirikare ndetse ab’abakobwa bagasambanywa cyane, gusahura abaturage ndetse no kuyogoza ibice uyu mutwe wahungiyemo, dore ko hari nk’aho umenesha abaturage kugira ngo usigarane imirima yabo n’indi mitungo.

FDLR ihatira abagore n'abakobwa kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kugira ngo ntibamenye ihohoterwa bakorerwa

Umukobwa wo muri FDLR atungwa n’ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro

Iyo uganiriye n’abagore ndetse n’abakobwa bose bashimuswe na FDLR ikabajyana no mu gisirikare cyayo, bakubwira ko kubera gusambanywa n’abarwanyi b’uyu mutwe hafi buri munsi, usanga uw’igitsinagore uwubarizwamo atunzwe n’ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro, akabihabwa ku gahato abwirwa ko nta murwanyi ubyara kuko ngo yakwica akazi.

Ibi kandi binashimangirwa na Mukagasana, akanasobanura iyicarubozo abasamiramo inda bakorerwa kuko baba bafite amahitamo yo kuzikuramo, ubyanze akicwa.

Ati ‘‘Muri urwo rugendo rwanjye nakomeje guhuriramo n’ibibazo biteye ubwoba bikomeye, bahise batuyobya ubwenge batunywesha inzoga za Kanyanga. Iyo baguhaga itabi baguhaga na Kanyanga, kugira ngo icyo bagukoresheje ukore icyo. Kugira ngo babone ukuntu bagusambanya, kuko urumva abagabo batanu, abagabo batandatu ntabwo baguhuriraho wumva uba wabaye nk’igishushungwa.’’

‘‘Baduhaga ibinini babaga bavuye gusahura mu bitaro, ni byo baduhaga kugira ngo tudasama. Ariko muri urwo rugendo rwanjye hari benshi baburiyemo ubuzima. Hari nk’umukobwa umwe basambanyije amaguru yanga kubumba. Yanze kubumba bakubiseho akanyundo bari bafite bicishaga abantu, amaguru arabumba, ariko mu matako arakonyoka. Amaze gukonyoka baravuga ngo ‘Uyu ntacyo akimaze’, bahita bamwica.’’

Iby’abakobwa baheruka ku rugamba FDLR yarwanyemo na M23

FDLR ntiyigeze ihagarika ibikorwa byayo by’ubugizi bwa nabi bwo gushimuta abantu muri RDC ikabajyana mu gisirikare cyayo ikomeza kwibeshya ko ishaka amaboko ngo izafate u Rwanda, kuko uretse abo yashimuse mu Rwanda mu 1997, na magingo aya igishimuta Abanyarwanda muri RDC barimo n’abana bavukiyeyo, ikababwira ko gakondo yabo ari u Rwanda bityo ko bagomba kujya guhirika ubutegetsi bwarwo mu kurwanya Umututsi wabamenesheje bakavukira ishyanga.

Mahirwe Izabayo ni umukobwa w’imyaka 19 washimuswe na FDLR mu 2019 ubwo yari afite imyaka 13. Agaruka ku buhamya bw’uko bamutwaye bagasambanya nyina na murumuna we wari ufite imyaka itatu agahita apfa.

Ati ‘‘Baramfashe baransambanya, ni bwo papa yavuze ati ‘Ko uwo mwana akiri muto mwamuretse nkabaha ibyo mukeneye byose?’ Bahise barasa papa aba arapfuye, mama we bari bari kumusambanya, twari dufite umwana muto w’imyaka itatu bamuhereza umusirikare witwaga ‘Nkubayimirabyo’. Uwo musirikare yaramufashe agenda nk’ugiye kumuhoza agezeyo aramusambanya, umwana na we aba arapfuye.’’

Mahirwe avuga ko yakomezanyije na FDLR atyo, ikamujyana mu gisirikare cyayo, ku buryo ari no mu barwanye mu ntambara za vuba M23 yahanganyemo na Leta ya RDC ifatanyije n’imitwe irimo FDLR. Anagaruka ku mwihariko w’amayeri FDLR ikoresha mu kohereza abagore n’abakobwa mu bitero.

Ati ‘‘Twicaga abantu benshi cyane kuko twe b’abakobwa batubwiraga ngo tugende tukajyana n’abasirikare, bwaba butangiye kugoroba tukagenda tugakomanga ku ngo z’abaturage tukababwira ngo ‘Mwaducumbikiye’, bamara gukingura tukinjira twabasanga mu nzu twaba tugiye kubasaba amafaranga tuzi ko hari ikintu bagurishije baduhaye amakuru ngo bagurishije [...], twabura ayo amafaranga mwese tukabica.’’

‘‘Twabaga dufite imbunda, dufite n’imihoro, dufite n’ibyuma byo kujya tubajomba. Uwabaga aduhaye amafaranga make tutumvikanye ayo batubwiye ko afite ntabe ari yo aduha, twamujombaga ibyuma ntitumwice.’’

Ubu buhamya bwa Mahirwe bushimangirwa na Mutesi (Izina ryahinduwe) w’imyaka 19 na we wavukiye muri RDC agashimutwa na FDLR afite imyaka 14, agasambanywa n’abarwanyi bayo ndetse bamutera inda.

Ati ‘‘Bakaduha urumogi na Kanyanga ngo ni bwo tuzaba ingabo zikarishye, natwe tukabikora kuko ntabwo wabaga wakwanga kuko wakoraga ibyo bavuze. Bagakomeza no kuduha ibinini kugira ngo tudatwara inda [...]. Nyuma y’amezi abiri nza kwiyumva ko ntwite, ariko ntawe nari kubwira ngo mfite inda kuko nasambanywaga n’abagabo benshi batandukanye, ntabwo nari kumenya uwayinteye. Banteye inda mfite imyaka 16.’’

Mutesi na we ari mu bajyanwe ku rugamba mu ntambara ziheruka kuba muri RDC aho FDLR yabaga yifatanyije n’imitwe irwanya M23, ndetse asobanura uko akazi kenshi abakobwa bakora ari ukwikorera imbunda no gutwaza ibikoresho abarwanyi b’igitsinagabo bakoresha mu irasana no kwica abantu.

Ati ‘‘Intambara iheruka kuba ya M23 na FDLR yabaye turi aho bita i Mpati (Muri Masisi). Twahise twivanga n’Aba-Nyatura n’abo muri Wazalendo turarwana. [...] Bamwe dufata imihoro kuko imbunda zaje ari nke, gusa byabaye gutyo n’ingabo za guverinoma (FARDC) twese turivanga.’’

‘‘Twe baduhaye amasasu twari tuyikoreye, abakobwa twari turimo uko turi batatu. Twikoreraga amasasu, aho ashize tukagenda tukayabahereza, cyangwa bagira umuryanyi wacu bica tukagenda tukamwaka icyo yari afite tukamusiga, tukagihereza abasore bari barimo.’’

Iyicarubozo rikorerwa abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bashimuswe na FDLR

FDLR kandi uretse no guhekura u Rwanda igasiga ikoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ntiyahwemye no guhemukira abayirokotse kugeza n’ubwo ishimuse bamwe mu bakobwa bayirokotse ikabajyana mu bikorwa byayo by’ubwicanyi, idasize no kubasambanya mu buryo bwa kinyamaswa ivuga ko ishaka kumva uko umukobwa w’Umututsi amera.

Mugabekazi (Izina ryahinduwe) w’imyaka 44 warokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ashimutirwa n’Abacengezi mu Karere ka Ngororero ajyanwa muri FDLR, agaruka ku bikomere yatewe no gusambanywa n’abo muri uwo mutwe agaterwa inda na Virusi itera SIDA, ndetse akagaruka ku bikorwa bindi by’uburetwa yakoreshejwe muri FDLR.

Ati ‘‘Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi iba, ababyeyi banjye n’abavandimwe bamwe baje gupfa, njye nza kurokoka kuko nari nahungiye ku rugo rw’umuntu wampishe. Mu 1997 Abacengezi barateye, baza aho nari ndi barahaba, tukajya tubazanira ibyo kurya kuko iyo bageraga mu rugo ukabivuga basigaga urugo rwose barwishe. [...] Baradushimuse baratujyana batubwira ko bagiye kutwigisha igisirikare, nari mfite imyaka 12.’’

‘‘Bakatwikoreza ibyo kurya n’ibyo bagiye basahura mu nzira tukabyikorera, yewe no kuduhekesha n’amasasu n’imbunda ari nako batwigisha imbunda ngo tuzajye twirwanaho bikomeye, ariko ubwo ari nako bagenda badukorera n’ubundi ihohotera badusambanya. [...] Twabagaho mu buzima bubi bwo gukubitwa, bitewe n’imizigo bagukoreye n’ibyo baraye bagukorera udashobora no kugenda. Njyewe ho byari akarusho kuko bavugaga ko bakeneye kumva uko icy’Umututsi (Igitsina) kimeze. Mbaho muri ubwo buzima, nza kurarwaho n’abagabo batatu, nanduriyemo Virusi itera SIDA.’’

Ibyo gutotezwa kw’Abatutsi bashimuswe na FDLR kandi bigarukwaho na Umukundwa (Izina ryahinduwe) w’imyaka 33 wahungishirijwe muri RDC afite imyaka itatu ubwo ababyeyi be bicwaga muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Ati ‘‘Navuye mu Rwanda ababyeyi banjye bamaze kubicira i Karongi [...] Nkigira imyaka 12 FDLR bahise banjyana njya muri ‘Position’ yabo ndetse bampindura umugore wabo nkiri muto, icyo kintu cyarankomerekeje cyane kirambabaza. Nkomeza kubana na bo muri urwo rugendo, ariko ni ukuvuga ngo ntabwo umuntu wansambanyaga mu gitondo ari we wansambanyaga nimugoroba kuko babaga ari uruvange.’’

Aba bagore n’abakobwa bashimuswe na FDLR mu myaka ya 1997 ndetse no mu bihe bindi bitandukanye kugeza mu gihe cya vuba, bafite ubuhamya bahuriyeho.

Gusambanywa ku gahato bakiri bato kandi bagasambanywa n’abarwanyi batandukanye ku buryo buri wese aba atazi umubare w’abagabo bamusambanyije, guhabwa ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro bikamera nk’ifunguro ribatunga, ugize ngo asamye inda igakurwamo nabi nko kumusambanya cyane kugira ngo ivemo, no gukubitwa inkoni amagana zabasigiye ibirimo ubumuga.

Hari kandi kujyanwa mu gisirikare ku gahato kugira ngo uwo FDLR yita umwanzi nabatera bazirwaneho, kunyeshwa ibiyibyabwenge birimo itabi, urumogi na Kanyanga, kugira ngo uhohoterwa ntamenye ibyamukorewe.

Bimwe mu binyoma abarwanyi ba FDLR babwira abo bashimuse bakabinjiza muri uyu mutwe ni uko bagomba kurwana kugeza bafashe u Rwanda, ndetse ko n’ugerageje gutoroka akarutahamo Inkotanyi zimwica zikabanza kumufata amajwi ye akajya akoreshwa mu itangazamakuru nk’aho akiriho kandi yarapfuye.

Ibyo byatumye mu bihe bitandukanye hari abatorotse uyu mutwe bagataha mu Rwanda, ariko bakagira ubwoba bwo kuvuga ko bari abasirikare ngo basubizwe mu buzima busanzwe, bakajya mu miryango yabo ariko bakabaho bihishahisha ndetse banagendana ipfunwe ry’uko hari nk’uwabavumbura ko bahoze ari Abacengezi.

Ibi bituma Komisiyo Ishinzwe Gusezerera no Gusubiza mu Buzima Busanzwe abahoze ari abasirikare (RDRC), kugeza magingo aya mu bo ibona bajyanwa mu Kigo cya Mutobo ngo basubizwe mu buzima busanzwe, hagaragaramo n’ababyeyi batashye mu Rwanda mu myaka ya za 2000, ariko bagatinya kuvuga iby’uko bari abarwanyi ba FDLR bakaba batangiye kubohoka vuba nyuma yo gukangurirwa kwitangaho amakuru.

Kuva ikigo cya Mutobo cyashingwa mu 2001, kimaze kunyuzwamo abantu 12832 bahoze ari abarwanyi, bafashijwe gusubira mu buzima busanzwe. Harimo ab’igitsinagabo 12.686, n’ab’igitsinagore 146. Hari kandi n’abana 427 bazanye n’iyo miryango, akenshi ugasanga ari abavutse ku bagore n’abakobwa bafashwe ku ngufu.

Abafashirijwe muri iki kigo bahuriza ku gushimira Leta y’u Rwanda yabahaye amahirwe ya kabiri yo kuba Abanyarwanda batuye kandi batekanye, ikabakuraho urubwa rwo kwitwa Abacengezi kandi atari ibyo bikururiye kuko na bo bashimuswe kandi ibikorwa bakorewe na FDLR bikaba byarabasigiye ingaruka mbi zirimo no kwicirwa imiryango yabo, gufatwa ku ngufu bakanduzwa indwara zidakira nka Virusi itera SIDA,n’ibindi.

Gusa bose bahuriza ku kuba baragaruye icyizere cyo kubaho, bakavuga ko nyuma yo gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe bagiye gusenyera umugozi umwe mu kubaka u Rwanda ruzira amacakubiri, ndetse bakiteza imbere banafatanya n’abandi Banyarwanda mu kubaka igihugu.

FDLR ifata ku ngufu abana b'abakobwa bato, ivuga ko amaraso y'abato avura ubusaza