Mu kiganiro cyihariye IGIHE yagiranye na muganga uvura diabète akaba n’umwarimu muri kaminuza, Dr. Bavuma Munganyinka Charlotte, yatangaje ko hari bimwe mu byo abantu bakunda gufata uko bitari kuri diabète birimo n’ingaruka zayo ku bagore.
Yasobanuye ko diabète iterwa no kwiyongera kw’isukari mu mubiri ikarenga iyo umubiri ukeneye bitewe no kubura cyangwa kudakora neza k’umusemburo uzwi nka ‘insuline’ usanzwe ushinzwe kuringaniza isukari mu mubiri.
IGIHE: Benshi bakeka ko diabète ari indwara y’abantu bakuru gusa. Ibi hari ukuri kurimo?
Dr. Bavuma Oya rwose! Diabète ifata abantu bari mu myaka yose. Diabète ibamo amoko abiri ari yo; diabète yo mu bwoko bwa mbere iterwa no kuba impindura iba itakivubura insuline bitewe n’uko uturemangingo tubishinzwe tuba twangiritse bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye, ikaba ivurwa no guterwa insuline. Ikunda kwibasira abari mu myaka iri munsi ya 30 cyane cyane abana bato.
Hari kandi diabète yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri akenshi yibasira abafite umubyibuho ukabije, abadakora siporo cyangwa igaterwa n’uruhererekane mu muryango.
Iterwa no kuba umubiri utabasha gukoresha umusemburo wa insuline uko bikwiye ngo iwinjize mu turemangingo aho isukari igomba gutanga imbaraga hose. Ikunda kwibasira abari mu myaka 35 kuzamura ikavurishwa ibinini ariko uko imyaka yiyongera abayirwaye bageraho bagaterwa insuline.
Hari kandi icyiciro cyihariye gifata abagore batwite akenshi bamaze ibyumweru 26. Ituruka ku kuba ingobyi y’umwana iba yakoze umusemburo utuma insuline idakora neza. Iyo diabetse iba itewe no kuba umugore atwite ariko akenshi usanga abo yibasira baba bafite abo mu muryango barwaye diabète.
Iyo bamaze kubyara kubera ya ngombyi yavuburaga uwo musemburo iba itagihari, isukari igaruka ku murongo bakaba bahagarika imiti bagakira ariko baba bafite n’ibyago byo kuzarwara diabète yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri, baba bagomba gukurikiranwa.
Ibivugwa ko diabète itera uburemba ni byo?
Iyo umurwayi wayo afata imiti neza isukari ye ikaba iri ku gipimo cyiza ubusanzwe ashobora gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nk’abandi nta kibazo. Gusa umugabo ashobora kuba ikiremba iyo amaze igihe kinini afite isukari irengeje urugero. Iyo isukari ibaye nyinshi igihe kirekire yangiza udutsi duto tujyana amaraso ku gitsina ikangiza n’imyakura, ari byo bituma umugabo agira ubushake bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Muri rusange igipimo cy’isukari ku muntu ukibyuka kiba kigomba kuba kiri hagati ya miligarama 80-120 muri desilitiro y’amaraso na ho mu yandi masaha bikaba miligarama 80-140 muri desilitiro imwe y’amaraso. Buri muntu rero ahabwa intego ze zihariye z’ibipimo by’isukari mu maraso adakwiye kurenza bitewe n’indwara afite, iyo igipimo rero kigiye hejuru igihe kinini ni bwo ashobora kuba ikiremba ku bagabo kandi iyo ibyo bipimo akenshi byagiye hejuru, ntibisubira inyuma.

Hari abavuga ko umukobwa urwaye diabète adashobora gusama, byo bihagaze bite?
Ibyo si byo, ndetse usanga nk’umwana w’umwangavu ufite diabète hari ababyitwaza bakamushuka bakamutera inda agatwita inda itateganyijwe kandi ikamwangiriza ubuzima.
Hari n’abahungu barwaye diabète bakurana ya myumvire ko itera uburemba ugasanga bagiye kwipima ngo barebe ko ari bazima ugasanga bakuyemo izindi ndwara. Bisaba ko dutangira kubaganiriza ku buzima bw’imyorerokere hakiri kare kuko abakobwa bafite diabète batwara inda nk’abandi iyo bakurikirana ubuzima bwabo neza.
Bivuze ko nta ngaruka diabète igira ku buzima bw’imyorokere bw’abagore?
Akenshi abakobwa bafite diabète y’ubwoko bwa mbere baba batavubura neza insuline kandi ni yo ifasha kuvubura imisemburo y’imyororokere ku bakobwa bato. Iyo atayifite rero ntafate imiti neza ukwezi kwe gushobora guhindagurika cyangwa imihango ya mbere igatinda kuza bikagera nko mu myaka 18 cyangwa 20.
Ni yo mpamvu umukobwa ufite diabète mbere yo gutwita, yakagombye kujya kwa muganga kuko iyo atwaye inda isukari iri hejuru, umwana ashobora kuvuka adafite ingingo zuzuye. N’iyo inda imaze kugera mu byumweru 26 umwana uri mu nda ashobora gukura akarenga nyababyeyi bigatera ikibazo mu nda ya nyina. Mbere na nyuma yo gutwita aba agomba kuza kwa muganga bakamwitaho by’umwihariko kurusha undi mugore utwite.
Hari ikindi gishobora gutera diabète kitari isukari?
Tuvuga isukari kuko iyo igeze ku gipimo kirenze igisanzwe umuntu arwara diabète ariko ntibivuze ko ari yo iyitera ahubwo ikiba cyabayeho ni uko kutaba ku bipimo umubiri ukeneye.
Nka diabète y’ubwoko bwa mbere kugeza ubu nta we uzi neza ngo iterwa n’iki. No kuvuga ngo ni umuntu ufite abasirikare bangiza impindura (antibodies) ntibisobanutse neza kuko hari abafite iyo muri ubwo bwoko batagira antibodies, biragoye no kuvuga ngo wayirinda ute.
Icyakoze nk’iyo mu bwoko bwa kabiri, wakwirinda ibyongera ibyago byo kuyirwara ukora siporo, wirinda umubyibuho ukabije ndetse no kwipimisha buri mezi atatu kuko yo nta bimenyetso igira.
Umurwayi wa diabète ashobora kuyikira burundu?
Diabète ni indwara idakira kandi itandura. Umuntu arayibana icyo akora ni ukwirinda ingaruka zayo afata neza imiti kandi akirinda n’ibindi byamutera umutima nk’umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso.
Diabète yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri hari ubushakashatsi bwagiye bugaragaza ko ishobora kuba yatera izindi kanseri nk’iy’amara ndetse n’izindi nka kanseri y’ibere.
Hari abavuga ko diabète igira ingaruka nk’iz’agakoko gatera SIDA igaca umubiri intege, izindi ndwara zikibasira uyirwaye
Diabète ishobora gutera ibindi byuririzi iyo uyirwaye afite isukari iri ku rugero rwo hejuru itari ku bipimo twifuza iyo tuvura. Icyo gihe ashobora kugira nk’indwara y’umusonga, indwara zo mu muyoboro w’inkari na za infections ariko iyo iri ku gipimo gikwiye, yarwara izo ndwara nk’uko n’abandi bazirwara cyangwa ntazirware.
Umubyeyi urwaye diabète ashobora kuyanduza umwana atwite?
Idwara z’umutima, kanseri na diabète ntabwo umubyeyi azanduza umwana atwite. Gusa diabète iri ku gipimo kitari ku murongo ishobora gutuma umwana avukana inkingo zituzuye ni yo mpamvu bagomba gutwita ari uko isukari iri ku gipimo cyiza.
Ku mutima na ho, abawubazwe hari imwe mu miti bafata itajyanye no gutwita icyo gihe bababuza kuba batwita.
Muvuga iki ku bavuga ko abarwaye diabète babaho nabi barwaragurika?
Hari abantu bumva ko nk’umwana uyirwaye atagomba kugira imbere heza ngo ajye mu ishuri nk’abandi. Ibyo si byo kuko uwo mwana ashobora kwiga akabaho nk’abandi bose. Hari n’abumva ko diabète ihita yica ariko ubusanzwe diabète umuntu arayigira ntigomba kumugira iyo uyifashe neza ugakurikiza inama za muganga ugira ubuzima bwiza nk’abandi bose.
Ni kimwe n’ibintu byinshi abantu bavuga ko bivura diabète nk’intagarasoryo n’umuravumba kuko birura bakumva ko biyivura ariko ntabwo ari byo. Iyo umuntu yumvishe neza diabète akumva aho ituruka ntabwo yakagombye kujya muri ibyo bintu kuko ntibimuha insuline, ntibimuvubura diabète.
Ese koko hari amwe mu mafunguro n’ibinyobwa byagenewe abarwaye diabète by’umwihariko?
Usanga bavuga ngo hari inzoga, umunyu n’ibindi ngo bigenewe abarwaye diabète ariko na byo si byo. Abarwaye diabète n’abafite umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso nta bintu by’umwihariko bagenewe gufata ni nk’iby’abandi bose ariko ku rugero rwiza kandi ibyo tubishishikariza n’abandi batarwaye.
Icyakora ibintu byongewemo amasukari cyangwa ibinyamasukari byinshi bivanze byo abarwaye diabète ntibabyemerewe.
Kujya kwihagarika buri kanya ni cyo kimenyetso cy’uburwayi bwa diabète?
Iyo umuntu ajya kwihagarika kenshi akanagira inyota cyane kongeraho igipimo cy’isukari tumufata, ni bwo twemeza ko arwaye diabète. Ariko iyo aje kwisuzumisha bisanzwe atagaragaza ibimenyetso, icyo gihe tumufata ibipimo bibiri tukaba ari bwo twemeza cyangwa duhakana ko arwaye diabète.
Ibyo bipimo dufata ni ugupima ingano ya kimwe mu biba mu maraso kizwi nka hemoglobine kigendana cyane n’isukari. Mu gitondo umuntu akibyuka turapima iyo dusanze hemoglobine afite mu maraso irenze 6.5% iba ari diabète. Ariko binajyana n’isukari iri mu maraso mu gitondo umuntu akibyuka kuko iyo dusanze iri hejuru ya miligarama 126 muri desilitiro y’amaraso biba ari diabète, na ho nyuma y’amasaha arenze abiri ariye, iyo afite isukari irenze miligarama 200 muri desilitiro y’amaraso na bwo aba ri diabète.
Iyo ibyo bipimo bibiri by’isukari iri hejuru tubisanganye umuntu utagaragazaga ibindi bimenyetso twemeza ko arwaye diabète, ariko iyo aje afite ibimenyetso dufata igipimo kimwe gusa kiba gihagije.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’indwara ya diabète?
Nko ku bwoko bwa kabiri [bwa diabète] nta bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ahubwo abenshi baza kwivuza batangiye kubona izindi ngaruka nko kurwara impyiko, kubyimba ibirenge cyangwa ku bagabo bakaza baje kwivuza, ibyo by’uburemba noneho tukavumbura ko ari diabète ibitera. Hari n’abaza bafite ibinya mu birenge imyakura yangiritse.
Ubwoko bwa mbere [bwa diabète] bwo ibimyetso biza byihuse nko mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri; bigizwe no kwihagarika kenshi no kunyoterwa cyane, kubera ko uyirwaye aba yihagarika kenshi atakaza isukari akagira inyota noneho agata n’ibiro mu buryo budasobanutse kubera ko umubiri uba utwika ibinure akananuka. Iyo bitinze ntaze kwa muganga umuntu ashobora no kujya muri koma.
Ubushakashatsi bwa kabiri bwakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima (RBC) mu 2021, bugaragaza ko mu gihugu hose abantu barwaye diabète ari 2,9% by’Abanyarwanda bose, bavuye kuri 3% bariho mu 2013.
Mu bayirwaye higanjemo abarengeje imyaka 60 ndetse ni abatuye mu mijyi kurusha mu bice by’icyaro. RBC itangaza ko uyu mubare utazamutse bitewe n’ingamba Leta yagiye ifata kandi ko impamvu izi ndwara abenshi bakeka ko ziyongera ari uko abazisuzumisha biyongereye ugereranyije na mbere uko byari bimeze.
RBC ivuga ko ku bigo nderabuzima byose bafite ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma indwara zitandura harimo na diabète, abo bazisanganye bakoherezwa mu mavuriro yisumbuye. Abajyanama b’ubuzima kandi barahuguwe kugira ngo bashobore gukurikirana abafata imiti.

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