Sida yatangiye kugaragara bwa mbere mu mpera za 1970 n’intangiro za 1980, mu 1981 yemezwa mu buryo budasubirwaho.

Icyo gihe hagaragaye indwara z’ibyuririzi ku bagabo bakiri bato baryamanaga n’abo bahuje igitsina bo muri leta za Los Angeles, New York na San Francisco zo muri Amerika.

Virusi itera Sida yavumbuwe mu 1983 bikozwe na Dr. Luc Montagnier na Dr. Françoise Barré-Sinoussi bo mu Bufaransa, kuva ubwo ikwirakwira mu baturage karahava.

Nk’ubu imibare y’Ishami rya Loni ryita ku Buzima, OMS, igaragaza ko mu 2023 abantu miliyoni 1,3 banduye Virus Itera Sida, imibare myinshi ikiganza munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara, aho 62% bayifite ari ab’igitsina gore.

Mu Rwanda, yabonetse mu 1983 itangira gukwirakwira cyane guhera mu 1986 aho nko hagati ya 1988 na 1996, Virusi itera Sida mu bagore batwite yari hagati ya 21% na 33% mu Mujyi wa Kigali, hagati ya 8% na 22% mu bindi bice by’imijyi no kuva kuri 2% kugeza kuri 12% mu bice by’ibyaro.

Hagati ya 1990 na 2002, imibare y’abari bafite Sida yakomeje kuzamuka, aho babarirwaga hagati ya 1000 na 4000 buri mwaka, ikomeza gutumbagira hagati ya 2003 na 2004 ubwo abanduye babarirwaga hagati ya 6000 n’ibihumbi 12. U Rwanda rwihutiye gushyiraho ingamba zitandukanye zo guhashya icyo cyago.

Byari ibihe umuntu yasangwagamo iyo virusi akumva ko ubuzima burangiye bijyanye n’uko imiti igabanya ubukana yari ikiri iyanga, akato n’amakuru abaturage bari bayifiteho ko idakira.

Itsinda Abuzuzanya rigizwe n'abafite virusi itera Sida barahura bakaganira k'uko bakwiteza imbere ariko baniyitaho mu buryo bw'umubiri

Mu 2000 ni bwo na Mukeshimana Liberathe yamenye ko yanduye virusi itera Sida, asa n’ugwiriwe n’ijuru, acika intege cyane, ha handi yumvaga ko isaha n’isaha yapfa kuko icyo gihe Sida yasyaga itanzitse, igatizwa umurindi n’akato gakomeye kahabwaga abayifite.

Ati “Icyo gihe twafatiraga imiti i Rwamagana n’i Kabgayi. Njye nari narahisemo kuyifatira i Rwamagana mvuye ku Kimisagara aho nari ntuye.”

Akimara kumenya ko yanduye, icyizere cy’ubuzima cyarayoyotse cyose. Icyo gihe yari ahazwi nko kwa Nyiranuma mu Biryogo. Urugendo yagombaga kugenda iminota nka 20 ataha, arugenda hafi umunsi ku bwo kutiyumvisha ibyamubayeho.

Ati “Numvise nakwipfira ngo hatagira umbonana Sida kuko yari yo maherezo.”

Yaratwaje ariko ahura n’ibibazo by’akato ku buryo yamanikaga imyenda ahantu bakayimanuza ibiti bakayita ngo atabanduza, yakora ku kintu cy’undi nyiracyo kongera kugikoresha bikaba birangiye.

Byakoze no ku bana be, batotezwa ku ishuri bababwira ko umubyeyi wabo yanduye Sida ndetse bashobora kubanduza, Mukeshimana abaho muri ibyo bihe bikomeye ariko ntiyaheranwa n’agahinda.

Ati “Numviye abaganga, nkoresha imiti igabanya ubukana neza, niyemeza gutanga inama z’uko bakwirinda kuko icyo gihe nabonaga abantu benshi bayandura bigizwemo uruhare no kutamenya, kandi byarakoze, imyaka 24 irashize mu gihe ntumvaga ko nzamara n’ukwezi.”

Uretse Mukeshimana umaranye Sida icyo gihe cyose, mugenzi we yanduye virusi itera Sida, azize gufatwa ku ngufu n’umwe mu bo mu muryango we mugari, anasiga amuteye inda.

Kubera ko ubuzima bwari bukomeye, uyu mubyeyi w’imyaka 54 umaranye virusi itera Sida imyaka 20, yari umucuruzi ubukorera ku muhanda, umwe ubunza agataro, ibintu byakomeje na nyuma yo kubyara.

Ati “Mu gihe cyacu baradufataga bakatujyana i Gikondo kuko twacuruzaga bitemewe. Nashoboraga kumara iminsi itatu ntafata imiti, nkarekurwa nazahaye merewe nabi cyane. Bwari ubuzima bubi na n’ubu mba ntashaka kugarukaho.”

We n’abandi banyamahirwe batoranyijwe mu mushinga wa Ihire-Jya Mbere, ushyirwa mu bikorwa na DUHAMIC-ADRI, ahabwa inkunga y’amafaranga, abana babo babigisha imyuga na we agura inkoko zo korora n’imashini yo kudoda, ubu icyizere cyo kubaho cyaragarutse, barya neza, n’imiti akayifata neza.

Ati “Sinjya mu busambanyi, nirinda uko nshoboye kose ngo twirinde ubwandu bushya. Buriya bijyanye n’uko igihugu kimaze gutera imbere, nta bwandu bushya bwagakwiriye kubaho.”

Icyizere cy’ubuzima ni cyose ku bana bavukanye virusi itera Sida

Biragatsindwa gukura ukabwirwa ko wanduye Virusi itera Sida kandi nta ruhare na ruto wabigizemo, ahubwo ukisanga unywa imiti ya buri munsi yo kugabanya ubukana.

Kubera ubumenyi buke bw’ababyeyi byajyanye n’iterambere ry’igihugu ryari rikiri hasi, hari abana bisanze bafite iyo virusi bitewe n’uko ababyeyi babo bari bayifite, batakurikije amabwiriza yo kwa muganga mu gihe batwite, bagiye kubyara cyangwa bonsa, bigatuma banduza ibyo bibondo.

Ni na ko byagendekeye Gakumi (izina twamuhaye), wagiye konkeshwa kwa nyirasenge kuko nyina yari yabyaye indahekana, nyiraransenge amwonsanya na mubyara we, ku bw’amahirwe make bose bandura Sida.

Abafite virusi itera Sida, ntibaheranwe n'agahinda kuko bamenye neza ko iyo bafashe imiti neza baramba nk'abandi

Gakumi umaranye virusi itera Sida imyaka irenga 30, akimenya ko ayifite, kuko yari umwana ntacyo byamubwiye cyane, akomeza kubaho nk’uko bisanzwe, icyakora umubiri ucika intege, ku myaka 14 biba ngombwa ko atangira imiti.

Ati “Ikindi nangaga kuyijyana ku ishuri ngo abandi bana batazanseka. Namerewe nabi ntacyeguka, bituma ndeka n’ishuri. Nagize n’ibyago mfatwa ku ngufu mbyara mfite imyaka 15, iwacu barampeza bikomeye.”

Uyu mwana w’umukobwa wari uri guhura n’ibibazo byinshi byajyanaga n’akato ko mu muryango, ku bwo gutinda gufata imiti yarwaye amaso, hamwe yagombaga no guhuma burundu, n’uwo yabyaye biba uko, Isi ikomeza kumusharirira bidasanzwe.

Ku bwa mbuze uko ngira, yiyemeje kujya kubana n’uwamufashe ku ngufu, ku bw’ibyago n’uwo mugabo apfa amusigiye abana batatu, Isi ikomeza kumwereka uruhande rubi.

Ati “Umugabo wanjye akimara gupfa twavuye i Huye ngaruka mu Mujyi wa Kigali ni ho ndi gushakishiriza ubuzima. Umwana wa kabiri ni we wanduye. Yamaze kwiyakira afata imiti nk’abandi, tujyana kwivuza amaso, tukajyana no mu biganiro.”

Yibuka akato yahuye na ko, agashengurwa n’uko atanagahawe n’abo hanze, ahubwo agatereranwa n’abo mu muryango we ku buryo iyo muganiriye akwereka ko atajya akumbura no kujya iwabo kuko bimwongerera igikomere kiva ku ihezwa bamukorera.

Uretse kwiteza imbere mu buryo bw'amafaranga, abagize itsinda Abuzuzanya banahana inama z'uko bakwiyitaho bakanagira uruhare mu kugabanya ubwandu bushya

Uretse Gakumi wanduriye mu konswa, Mugeni (izina twahimbye) w’imyaka 27 yanduye virusi itera Sida nyina ari kumubyara, arabihishwa akajya anywa imiti abeshywa ko ari iy’izindi ndwara, ariko akumva bavuga ibya Sida akagira amatsiko.

Ati “Maze kugira imyaka 15, bambwiye uko byagenze ndakarira mama bikomeye, ha handi numvaga nzajya mu gisirikare nkamurasa. Numvise niyanze, ntashaka kuvugana n’abantu, ntashaka kubaho ariko nza kwiyakira mbonye ko hari n’abandi duhuje ikibazo. Ikinshengura umutima n’ubu ni uko mu bana b’iwacu ari njye wanduye gusa, kandi twese mama yatubyariye mu rugo”

Nubwo mu bihe by’ubwana yahuye n’akato gakomeye, aho ibikoresho bye byatabwaga mu musarani ngo atagira uwo yanduza, yarahatanye ariga, ararangiza akorera amafaranga, ndetse mu minsi ya vuba afite n’ubukwe.

Ubu ni we mizero y’umuryango kuko ari we ukesha amaramuko nyamara mu myaka yo hambere nta wamuciraga n’akari urutega.

U Rwanda, umugongo mugari usindagiza abarwayi kugeza bagaruye icyizere cy’ubuzima

U Rwanda rwakoze uko rushoboye mu kugabanya umugogoro uterwa na virusi itera Sida. Ubu abantu 218.314 bafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera Sida mu Rwanda, bayibonera ubuntu nubwo rwo ruyibona ruyitanzeho akayabo k’amafaranga.

Imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima, RBC igaragaza ko mu myaka 10 ishize abantu 20 bapfaga buri munsi bazize Sida.

Icyakora rwakoze uko rushoboye rugabanya iyo mibare aho ubu nibura mu bantu 100 bapfa ku munsi mu Rwanda, barindwi baba bishwe na Sida, ahanini bitewe no kutamenya ko bayanduye cyangwa gutinya ko bigaragarira abantu bose.

RBC, igaragaza ko mu Rwanda hose, abafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa Virusi itera Sida barenga ibihumbi 220.

RBC igaragaza ko 95% bafata imiti neza, mu gihe 90% bagaragaza impinduka nziza z’igabanyuka ry’ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA.

Ababyeyi banduza abana mu gihe cyo kubyara bavuye kuri 2% mu myaka yashize bagera kuri 0,9% mu 2024.

Imibare igaragaza ko abagore bakora uburaya ari bo benshi bafite ibyago byo kwandura virusi ya SIDA, bagera kuri 35%, umubare wagabanyutse ku muvuduko muto cyane kuko mu myaka 10 ishize bari 50%.

Ikigo nderabuzima cya Cor Unum giherereye ku Kimisagara mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, na cyo kiri gutanga umusanzu mu kwita ku bafite virusi itera Sida.

Cyita ku barenga 3000 barimo n’abo mu Itsinda Abuzuzanya, bayobowe na Mukeshimana Liberatha, bagafashwa na Basomingera Ernest umaze imyaka 25 abikora.

Bitabwaho mu buryo bw’ubuvuzi bugabanya virusi mu mubiri, ubw’imitekerereze aho bishoboka bagafashwa no mu bijyanye n’imirire ngo badateshuka ya Virusi ikazahaza umubiri, wa muntu wari ukomeye agahinduka indembe.

Basomingera ati “Igihugu cyakoze umurimo ukomeye mu kwita ku bafite virusi itera Sida. Muri za 2000 umuntu yumvaga ko afite iyo virusi, akumva ko birangiye, ariko ubu si ko bikimeze babaho nk’abandi iyo bafashe imiti neza. Bavuye ku binini bine ku munsi ubu banywa kimwe.”

Abantu bamaze kumenya uko batwara iyo virusi ku buryo hari n’ababana umwe atayifite undi ayifite, aho nko kuri Cor Unum bita kuri ‘couple’ 400 zigizwe n’abadahuje ibisubizo.

Ntiwavuga intambwe yatewe mu guhangana na Virusi itera Sida mu Rwanda ngo wibagirwe uruhare rw’imiryango itari iya leta kuko igira uruhare runini cyane cyane mu gushaka amikoro mu Rwanda.

Irimo n’uwa Duharanire Amajyambere y’Icyaro (DUHAMIC ADRI), umuryango utari uwa leta washinzwe n’Abanyarwanda mu 1985, ubu ufite abakozi barenga 300.

Uri gufasha mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo guteza imbere imibereho y’Abanyarwanda, aho mu myaka itanu ishize umaze gutanga miliyari 27 Frw yo gufashisha abantu 801.971 mu mishinga itandukanye.

Unakora ku mushinga uzwi nka USAID-Igire-Jyambere wo kugabanya ubwandu bushya bwa Virusi itera Sida.

Uterwa inkunga na PEPFAR binyuze mu Kigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Iterambere cya Amerika, USAID, bigateganywa ko mu myaka itanu uzamara, uzatwara arenga miliyari 13 Frw nk’uko Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa DUHAMIC-ADRI, Muhigirwa Benjamin abishimangira.

Ati “Ni umushinga ugamije kwirinda ubwandu bushya mu turere twa Muhanga na Nyarugenge, aho turi gufasha abarenga ibihumbi 53. Tubakangurira kwipimisha, abataranduye tukabigisha kwirinda tukabigisha ariko tukabaha n’ubushobozi mu by’amikoro, no kujya ku isoko ry’umurimo.”

Abanduye ni kimwe cya gatatu cy’abarenga 53, bafashwa gufata neza imiti, guhabwa ubujyanama, kureba ingano ya virusi iri mu maraso yabo, ndetse bagafashwa kwiteza imbere nko kwihangira imirimo.

Mu mpera za 2023 ubwandu bushya bwari bugeze kuri 0,08% mu gihe 35% by’ubwandu bushya bari mu cyiciro cy’urubyiruko n’aho abafite virusi itera Sida mu Rwanda muri rusange ubu ni 3%.

Mu 2023 Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, Dr. Nsanzimana Sabin, yatangaje ko hari gutekerezwa uburyo bushya bwaruhura abantu bafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera Sida, bakazajya baterwa urushinge rushobora kumara amezi hagati y’atatu n’atandatu aho guhora umuntu anywa ibinini bya buri munsi.

Uretse kwiteza imbere mu buryo bw'amafaranga, abagize itsinda Abuzuzanya banahana inama z'uko bakwiyitaho bakanagira uruhare mu kugabanya ubwandu bushya