Byatangajwe n’Intumwa yihariye y’u Bwongereza ishinzwe gukurikirana ikibazo cya AMR ndetse wahoze ari n’umujyanama mukuru mu bijyanye n’ubuzima mu Bwongereza, Sally Davies wabibwiye Observer ku wa 05 Mutarama 2025.

AMR ibaho igihe ‘bacterie’, virusi cyangwa akandi gakoko kihinduranyije kakagira ubushobozi bwo kudakangwa n’umuti wagenewe kukica, ibituma kuvura indwara kateje bigorana cyangwa bikaba bidashoboka.

Davies yavuze ko AMR ari ikibazo kidasanzwe, gikomeje gufata indi ntera ndetse kikabangamira ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi bitandukanye ku buryo mu bihe biri imbere, bizaba bibangamiye ubuzima ku buryo bugaragara.

AMR igira uruhare mu mpfu z’abarenga miliyoni ku mwaka, imibare ishobora kwikuba inshuro nyinshi kugeza mu 2050 mu gihe nta cyaba gikozwe.

Uyu muhanga mu by’ubuvuzi yavuze ko iki kibazo iyo kigeze mu bageze mu za bukuru gisya kitanzitse. Ku bari hejuru y’imyaka 70 bagirwaho ingaruka n’icyo kibazo ku rugero rwa 80% kuva mu 1990.

Agaragaza ko nubwo hari gushyirwa imbaraga mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti ya ‘antibiotique’ no kwirinda kuyikoresha nabi, hafi ya 70% ikoreshwa mu bworozi, ibituma hakomeza kubaho indiri za bene izo ‘bacteries’ zifitemo ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imiti yagenewe kuzica.

Davies ati “Turi gukoresha iyo miti ku matungo nk’inka, inkoko, intama nk’uburyo bwo kuzikuza no kuzirinda indwara biri aho gusa. Niba ikoreshejwe cyane muri ibyo bikorwa, mu nzuri zitandukanye cyangwa ibitaro ntihabe uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda neza, izo ‘bacteries’ zizajya no mu mazi abantu bakoresha.”

Ikindi giteye inkeke ni uko izo ‘bacteries’ zikura vuba, zikororoka buri minota 20 ndetse zikaba zasakara mu buryo bworoshye zibifashijwemo n’ibirimo nk’umuyaga, imvura, bigatuma kugenzura ibyo binyabuzima bigorana.

Davies avuga ko AMR ari ikibazo kigomba gukurikiranwa by’umwihariko, hakanozwa uburyo iyo miti isanzwe ikoreshwa yakoreshwa neza ndetse hakitabwa ku cyo gukora indi mishya.

Uyu muganga agaragaza ko ibigo bikora imiti byatangiye kuva ku byo guteza imbere ubushakashatsi bukora ‘antibiotique’ nshya.

Impamvu ni uko ikoreshwa igihe gito, ikaba itabungura nk’uko bimeze ku y’indwara zitandukanye nk’umuvuduko w’amaraso, kanseri n’izindi ndwara zikenera imiti inyobwa igihe kirekire.

Atanga urugero nko kuri penicillin yavumbuwe mu myaka ya 1920 ndetse ikagaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye mu guhangana n’indwara ziterwa na ‘bacteries’ ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Icyakora amazi ntakiri ya yandi kuko ubu inyinshi muri iyo miti yamenyerewe na ‘bacteries’ zitara indwara kubera kuyikoresha cyane ku buryo muri iyi minsi itagihangana n’izo ndwara uko bikwiriye.

Uretse miliyoni zigera kuri 40 z’abantu bashobora kuzaba bicwa n’indwara zidakangwa n’imiti yazigenewe, ubushakashatsi bwanyujijwe muri The Lancet muri Nzeri 2024 bwagaragaje ko abantu miliyoni 169 mu 2050, bazaba bicwa n’ibindi bifitanye isano na AMR.

Abaganga bo mu Budage na bo mu Ukwakira 2024 bagaragaje ko Isi ishobora kujya mu bihe nk’ibyo yarimo mbere ya 1920 ubwo penicillin yari itarakorwa, aho izo ndwara ziterwa na bacteries zitandukanye zagarikaga ingogo.

Ikindi ni uko abo mu buzima batarajwe ishinga no gukora ubushakashatsi bwo guteza imbere imiti ya ‘antibiotique’ nshya kuko bumara igihe kirekire, bugahenda ndetse inyungu ikaba nke cyane.

OMS igaragaza mu moko mashya y’iyo miti agera kuri 13 yemejwe kuva mu 2017, abiri yonyine ni yo yonyine yagaragajwe ko atandukanye n’indi miti isanzwe mbese ashobora guhangana na AMR.

Mu gihe nta gikozwe, mu 2050 abarenga miliyoni 40 bazaba bicwa n'indwara ziterwa no kubura imiti ya 'antibiotique' ihangana na zo