Charles Onana uregwa gupfobya no guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ni munya-Cameroun ufite ubwenegihugu bw’u Bufaransa. Yatangiye kuburanira mu Bufaransa kuva tariki 7 kugeza ku ya 11 Ukwakira 2024.
Uyu mugabo warezwe n’imiryango itandukanye irimo Umuryango w’Abanyarwanda barokotse jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi baba mu Bufaransa, Survie, CPCR n’indi. Mu bitabo birenga umunani yanditse ku Rwanda yagiye ahakana ko nta Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yabayeho.
Me Gisagara Richard wunganiye uruhande rw’abarega muri uru rubanza yabwiye IGIHE ko uru rubanza ari urw’amateka kuko hari byinshi bishya byavugiwemo bituma bamwe mu basirikare bari mu Rwanda muri Opération Turquoise bagaragaza uruhande bahagazeho.
Hagaragayemo abatangabuhamya bamwe bagiye mu rubanza gushinjura uregwa, bagera n’aho bamuvuguruza, runabera abandi urugero ko abapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa bitwaje ko bari mu bushakashatsi na bo bashobora guhanwa.
IGIHE: Mu cyumweru gishize mwaburanye urubanza na Onana. Ubundi ni muntu ki?
Me Gisagara: Mu cyumweru gishize twagiye mu rubanza rwa Charles Onana. Ni urubanza rwafashe iminsi ine, rwari rukaze. Ni umugabo ufite ubwenegihugu bw’u Bufaransa ariko ukomoka muri Cameroun, ubu afite imyaka 60 akaba amaze iminsi aba hano mu Bufaransa.
Ni umuntu wize, ufite impamyabushobozi yaboneye muri Sorbonne [i Paris] ariko akaba afite n’igitabo yanditse ku Rwanda kuko ibintu avuga ku Rwanda ngira ngo yabitangiye kera kuko icyo gitabo cyo mu 2017 na cyo kivuga ku Rwanda, ibintu bimwe nk’ibyo twamukurikiranyeho ubu. Ni umuntu umaze iminsi yandika ibitabo byinshi ariko ibyo yanditse ku Rwanda ni ibitabo umunani byose bifite ikibazo, ni ingingo zimwe zigenda zigaruka ariko ari ibintu byanditse mu buryo butandukanye.
Mu rubanza nyirizina ibintu byari byifashe bite?
Urubanza rwari ku rwego rwo hejuru, ahanini bitewe n’abantu bajemo baje gushyigikira Charles Onana. Abenshi muri bo, nka 90% bari Abanye-Congo harimo n’abandi Banyarwanda tujya tubona kuri za YouTube batavuga neza u Rwanda. Bari baje ku munsi wa mbere ngo bashaka gukora imyigaragambyo, bari baje bafite imipira yanditseho intero z’ibyo bashakaga kuvuga harimo n’imitwe ya bimwe mu bitabo yanditse birimo inyandiko z’urwango, ku buryo washoboraga kwibaza niba icyo turimo kuburana ari ibijyanye na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi cyangwa se ari ikibazo cyo muri Congo.
Wabonaga ikibazo bashaka kukigira icya Congo kandi icyo tuburana ari Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Uwo mwuka ni wo waranze urubanza kuva rutangiye kugeza rurangiye, hari n’ubwo perezida w’urukiko byamusabye gusohora uruhande rumwe kuko bari basakuje. Ku munsi wa mbere bakomeye amashyi Col Luck Marchall, hari ibintu yari avuze byabashimishije kubera ko bari baburiwe mbere, basakuje barabasohora.
Abapolisi babaga bahari bacunga ko nta bikorwa by’ubushotoranyi bishobora kubaho, nTa muntu ufotora…hanze y’icyumba cy’iburanisha abantu bagiye basagarirwa mu buryo budakanganye, abantu bagiye bambwira ko bababwiye nabi ariko ndumva nta wigeze akubitwa urushyi cyangwa ngo ahohoterwe.
Imanza zirebana na Jenoside zimara iminsi, kuki uru rwihuse?
Urubanza rwa Jenoside umuntu aba akurikiranyweho ibyaha bikomeye kurusha ibindi mu Bufaransa, umuntu aba ashobora guhabwa igihano kirenze imyaka 10. Umuntu aburanishirizwa mu Rukiko rwa Rubanda kubera ko ruba rugizwe n’abacamanza b’abanyamwuga batatu n’abandi bantu b’inyangamugayo batowe mu bantu basanzwe bagera ku icyenda, bose kabaka abantu 12.
Urwo rubanza ruba rurerure. Hari izo tujya tubona zimara ukwezi, amezi abiri bitewe na dosiye. Na ho uru ni urubanza rujyanye no guhakana Jenoside. Hano mu Bufaransa ni icyaha umuntu ashobora guhanishwa igihano kiri munsi y’imyaka 10 icyo gihe ntabwo ujya mu Rukiko rwa Rubanda, ujya mu rukiko nshinjabyaha rusanzwe.
Izo manza rero ubundi zimara umunsi umwe, ntibisanzwe kuba rwaramaze iminsi ine. Ni uko ari urubanza rukomeye rufite akamaro kanini ni yo mpamvu rwamaze iminsi ine. Imanza nk’izi zijyanye n’ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga ibyo ushaka ni zo ziburanishwa mu nkiko zisanzwe.
Iyo uhakanye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi cyangwa izindi Jenoside zabayeho zemewe, zahanwe n’inkiko zo mu Bufaransa, igihano ushobora guhabwa ni igifungo cy’umwaka umwe n’ihazabu itarenze ibihumbi 40 by’Amayero.
Dosiye ya Charles Onana yaje ite ?
Onana tumukurikiranyeho igitabo yanditse cyitwa ‘Rwanda, la vérité sur l’Opération Turquoise: Quand les archives parlent’ cyasohotse tariki ya 28 Ukwakira 2019. Iminsi ibiri mbere y’uko gisohoka yagiye kucyamamaza kuri televiziyo yitwa RCI, hari aho yageze aravuga ngo mu Rwanda nta jenoside yigeze ibaho ku muntu uwo ari we wese. Icyo rero kuri twebwe ni uguhakana jenoside kuko urumva ni mu 2019 kandi itegeko rihana guhaka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Bufaransa ryari rimaze imyaka ibiri ritowe.
Icyo gihe twahise tumurega, bwa mbere kuri 26 Ukwakira 2019, nyuma yaho cyarasohotse, indi miryango itanga ikirego. Hano mu Bufaransa ibirego bitanzwe bifata igihe kinini, kugeza ejo bundi umucamanza yafashe icyemezo cyo kumushyikiriza urukiko. Hano mu Bufaransa ubutabera buratinda ni cyo kibazo.
Twagiye kuburana na we imiryango yose (Survie, Abanyarwanda baba mu Bufaransa, ishami rya IBUKA mu Bufaransa n’ihuriro CPCR) twishyize hamwe kugira ngo tubashe kumushinja kugira ngo icyaha kibashe kumuhama.
Mwamureze igitabo cyose cyangwa hari ingingo runaka mwakuyemo?
Ntabwo twamureze igitabo cyose kuko hano mu Bufaransa ugomba kuvuga ikintu nyir’izina umurega. Twebwe rero twamureze utuntu 19 turi mu gitabo cy’amapaji arenga 600. Ni utuntu bigaragara ko tunyuranye n’amategeko yo mu Bufaransa, n’ingingo ya 24, igika cya kabiri ku itegeko ryo mu 1881, ryagiye rihinduka kuko ryahindutse mu 2017, muri iryo tegeko ni ho twagaragaje ko utwo tuntu 19 tunyuranyije na ryo.
Cyakoze iyo dutanze ikirego tukagishyikiriza ubushinjacyaha, bushobora kwifatanya nawe cyangwa ntibwifatanye nawe. Ariko iyo wakurikije amabwiriza, wa muntu ashyikirizwa ubutabera kugira ngo hafatwe umwanzuro.
Uko urubanza rwabaye iminsi ine, ubushinjacyaha bwafashe ijambo inshuro imwe gusa, bwabajije ikibazo kimwe gusa ku buryo twarinze tugera ku munsi wa nyuma tutazi neza niba buza kudufasha cyangwa butaraza kudufasha. Ariko ku munota wa nyuma na bwo bwaradufashije, busaba ko icyaha cyamuhama.
Nyuma yo kuburana hategerejwe iki?
Iburanisha ryatangiye ku wa Mbere, risozwa ku wa Gatanu kuko iminsi yose byari ukumva abatangabuhamya no kubazwa. Ku munsi wa nyuma ni bwo twebwe abamureze twareze turaburana, birangiye n’ubushinjacyaha bufata ijambo ntibwamusabira igihano ariko busaba ko icyaha kimuhama.
Bwaravuze buti “Twe ku bwacu turabona ibyo yakoze binyuranyije n’amategeko yo mu Bufaransa” ariko ibijyanye n’igihano busaba ko urukiko rwazamugenera igihano rubona gikwiriye.
Nyuma y’aho rero, urukiko rwagiye kwiherera rukaba ruziherera amezi abiri. Ruzadusomera twese tariki 9 Ukuboza 2024. Ubwo rero ni ugutegereza tukareba icyo bizatanga ariko harimo akantu kuko iyo tariki baduhaye ni yo hasinyweho amasezerano yo gukumira Jenoside mu rwego mpuzamahanga. Ni impurirane yabaye twizera ko icyo cyemezo kizaza gikumira jenoside nyine nk’uko n’ubundi amagambo twari tumukurikiranyeho ahembera jenoside.
Bivuze iki kuburanisha umuntu nk’uyu nyuma y’imyaka 30 hakozwe jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi?
Ni byiza kuko ni urubanza rufite icyo ruvuze. Charles Onana ni umuntu wigize umuvugizi w’abantu bahakana Jenoside bakoresheje ibyo bita ubushakashatsi. Urabona abantu bahakana Jenoside bavuga ngo Abatutsi ntibishwe, abo ntibagifite ijambo cyane kuko aho bigeze ntawe ukibyumva.
Abagezweho rero ni abashaka kuyihakana bashaka kuzanamo ubwenge. Charles Onana rero ni we muntu ufite uruvugiro cyane muri abo. Umuntu nk’uyu rero kuba yarageze imbere y’urukiko byaba n’amahire, njye navuga ngo ni amahire kuko yaje gushyigikirwa n’abantu n’ubundi twari tuzi ko bamushyigikiye bakaza bose bagafata ijambo tukabasha kubavugisha, tukababwira icyo tubatekerezaho tukumva n’ikibarimo. Kuri njye ndumva ari ibintu by’agaciro kanini.
Ndumva ari nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko uko kudahanwa kwabo kurimo kugenda gushira. Yatangiye kwandika ibi bitabo mu 2002. Buri mwaka cyangwa buri myaka ibiri ni ko yandika igitabo kirimo amagambo mabi, ari ku Rwanda, ari kuri Jenoside, ari ku Banyarwanda, ari muri aka karere turimo, yari amaze icyo gihe cyose ataragezwa imbere y’urukiko.
Kuba yarageze imbere y’urukiko, tukaba twaramubonye icyuya cyamurenze kuko byamunaniye kwisobanura, kuri njye ndumva ari nk’ikimenyetso gihawe n’abandi bose ko koko iri tegeko ryagiyeho rihana umuntu uzahakana cyangwa agapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rishobora kuba ritangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, ntiribe ari ikimenyetso kiri aho ngaho, kikaba ari ikintu koko gituma iyo mvugo ishira mu bantu.
Ni iki mwavuga ku batangabuhamya ba Onana?
Abo batangabuhamya ni abantu umuntu yashyira mu bice bibiri. Igice cya mbere yazanye ni Zone Turquoise, azana abasirikare bakuru bari muri Opération Turquoise icyo gihe, ubu abenshi muri bo ni abajenerali, abandi ni ba Colonel. Uwa mbere yazanye ni Gen Lafourcade wari uyoboye Opération Turquoise, azana Gen Tosin waje mu Rwanda inshuro nyinshi, haza aba-Colonel, haza Col Robardey, ni umuntu na we wabaye mu Rwanda igihe kinini mu gihe kibi, yahavuye mbere ya Jenoside ariko yahavuye mu gihe hahigwaga abantu bitwa ngo ni ibyitso. Abandi baje ariko muri Opération Turquoise ariko bashyigikiye izo mvugo ni Ababiligi babiri barimo Col Luc Marchall na Ambasaderi Swinnen; bombi ni abantu baje gushinjura Onana.
Icyiciro cya kabiri ni Abanyarwanda yazanye barimo uwitwa Sixbert Musangamfura waje yiyita Semus Ntawuhiganayo, haza umudamu witwa Marie Jeanne Rutayisire n’abandi bagabo batatu, umwe wari umucamanza witwa Habimana Theoneste, Gen Emmanuel Habyarimana wigeze kuba Minisitiri w’Ingabo na Theobald Rutihunza waje kumushinjura. Ni abo bantu baje kumuburanira kugira ngo bagaragaze ko ibyo akurikiranyweho atari ukuri.
Abatangabuhamya yazanye ni abantu tutamenyereye mu nkiko, nk’abo bo muri Opération Turquoise, abandi ni abantu baje batubwira amakuru menshi tutajyaga twumva, binatubwira aho bahagaze ubu. Muri make icyo bose bahurizaho ni uko uba wumva buri wese ashaka kuvuga ameze nk’aho ari we wiburanira. Baje baje gushinjura Charles Onana ariko wabonaga buri wese akurura yishyira.
Nkeka ko ari abantu ubona bagifite ipfunwe ry’ibyo bakoze mu Rwanda cyangwa ry’ibyo bakoranye na Guverinoma yariho mu Rwanda, ku buryo ubona buri wese iyo avuga aba ashaka gusa n’aho yisobanura, ashaka kugaragaza ko kuri we ntaho ahuriye n’ibyo. Harimo ababivuga bashaka kwishinjura ariko hakaba n’abandi babivugana umujinya, ubona umujinya ubasya.
Abatangabuhamya bo ku ruhande rwanyu bitwaye bate?
Hari nka Florent Piton, ni umuhanga mu by’amateka na ho Auchman we ni umunyamategeko. Ni abantu baje bagaragariza urukiko ko ibyo Onana avuga atari we wenyine wabihimbye.
Ni ibintu n’abandi bahakana Jenoside zabayeho na bo bavuga. Amagambo akoresha yo kugabanya imibare y’abantu bapfuye, gushaka igisobanuro kivuga ko jenoside yabayeho bakayishakira impamvu, kuzana imvugo zo kuvuga ngo abayiteguye bashakaga kugera kuri iki, cyangwa se ni ibintu byahimbwe n’aba. Ni ibintu bibaho igihe cyose.
Ntabwo ari we wabihimbye, ubwo buryo bwo guhakana Jenoside muri na kera bwabayeho. Aba bahanga rero babigaragarije urukiko.
Abandi babiri baje rero ni François Dupaquier, undi ni Me Maingain na we waje asobanura amateka y’u Rwanda uburyo yayagezemo, asobanura uburyo ibyo uyu mugabo avuga na kera byagiye bibaho. No mu kirego cyacu tuvuga ko ibyo Onana avuga ni amayeri n’abandi bahakanyi bose bahakana izindi Jenoside bakoresha ariko n’amagambo ni ibintu afatira kuri ba Mugesera na Bagosora.
Iyo usomye ayo magambo, ni ibintu avuga mu Gifaransa cyiza, agashyiramo ibintu byenda gusa n’aho ari ubwenge nubwo ntavuga ngo ni bwinshi ariko ntabwo ari ibintu ahimba. Ni ibintu na kera byabayeho, aba basize bakoze Jenoside batangiye guhimba bakiri mu nkambi zo muri Congo kugira ngo babashe kuyobya uburari.
Muvuga iki ku bantu bo hirya no hino bagiye benyegeza imvugo za Onana?
Sinavuga ngo biteye ubwoba ariko bikwiye kudutera impungenge ku buryo twagombye kubihagurukira kubera ko ba Charles Onana ni ba bantu twita ba rusahurira mu nduru. Kuko ni umuntu watangiye yandika ibitabo, agitangira wabonaga ko ari ukwagaza abantu bari muri Opération Turquoise batakundaga u Rwanda cyangwa se Guverinoma y’Abafaransa yari iriho icyo gihe. Wabonaga ari umuntu uvuga ati “Ibintu mwakoze mwakoze ni ukuri, guverinoma y’u Rwanda ni yo idafite ukuri.”
Hanze y’urukiko akimara gusohoka, ikiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru yahise ahamagara Abanye-Congo ati “Nimuze, mubone ko iyi ntambara ari iyanyu, munabwire Perezida Tshisekedi, mumenye ko ibintu ndi gukora ari ibyanyu, ni mwe ndi gukorera, ntimurangare.”
Navuze ngo ni rusahuriramunduru kuko yabonye ko ikibazo kiri muri Congo, abona ko ashobora kubona abantu bamushyigikira. Ni yo mpamvu hari haje abo Banye-Congo benshi bavuga ngo uyu muntu ni we utuvugira, ni we muhanga ubavugira ibibazo bafite.
Ese ko Onana avuga ko u Rwanda yarugezemo, araruzi koko ?
U Rwanda ntabwo aruzi, ntabwo yari yagera mu Rwanda, no mu kwisobanura yaravuze ngo ntaho mpuriye n’u Rwanda, ngo ntabwo naba mbeshya kuko sindi Umunyarwanda.
Ahantu yageze ni muri RD Congo gusa. Mu minsi yashize yageze muri Congo, yakirwa nk’Umukuru w’Igihugu, hari n’abarinzi b’umukuru w’igihugu baje kumwakira bamutwaye mu modoka nini n’abacuranzi bamucurangiye muri kaminuza ari kwinjira.
Aho ubu ashyize amaboko ni muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Nk’ubu Justin Bitakwira wigeze kuba Minisitiri akaba ari umudepite, mu Ukuboza 2022 yafatiwe ibihano n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi kubera imvugo z’urwango, ko agenda yangisha abantu ubwoko bw’Abatutsi bo muri Congo avuga ngo uwaremye Satani ni na we wabaremye. Uwo mugabo ibyo avuga abivoma mu gitabo cya Onana. Urumva imvugo za Onana zituma abantu bakomeza kumena amaraso mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Uru rubanza rubasigiye somo ki?
Icya mbere ni urugero rw’uko dutangiye kujya noneho mu bijyanye no kurwanya guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Itegeko ryagiyeho mu Bufaransa rigiye gutangira gukurikizwa kandi ku bantu bose.
Ikindi ni ikigaragaza ko inzira ikiri ndende kubera ko abantu baje gushinjura Onana imvugo bavuze, bigaragara ko ku ntambara tugomba kurwana n’abahakana n’abapfobya Jenoside abo bantu baracyariho kandi baracyafite intege nubwo wenda navuga ngo abo twabonye bari mu marembera ariko ibyo bavuga si hariya honyine babivuze kandi hari n’ababumva bikaba rero bigaragaza ko inzira ikiri ndende, ko tutavuga ngo duterere agati mu ryinyo, ngo amategeko yagiyeho, ngo Isi yamenye ukuri aho guhagaze. Harimo abashaka guca inyuma ngo uko kuri babashe kuguhindura cyangwa se kukuvanaho cyangwa guteza urujijo.
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