Ubutegetsi bwa Biden nibura bwa rimwe, bwagerageje kugira icyo bukora muri Afurika. Mu Ukuboza 2022, Perezida Biden yateguye inama ihuza Amerika na Afurika, hitabira abagera kuri 50 i Washington DC. Icyo gihe Biden yagize ati “Iterambere rya Afurika, ni iterambere ry’Isi yose’.

Uyu mwaka na bwo hari abayobozi benshi ba Afurika bitabiriye inama yiga ku bucuruzi, ihuza Afurika na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika izwi nka US-Africa Business Summit i Dallas.

Mu gihe ibice bya Afurika y’Amajyepfo bimeze neza, imyitwarire y’ubutegetsi bwa Biden ku makimbirane ari mu gace ka Sahel, Afurika yo hagati no mu Ihembe rya Afurika, irakemangwa. Nko mu ntambara yugarije Sudani, igikenewe kirenze kure gushyira amatangazo kuri Internet uyamagana, ni ubutabazi.

Kenshi Urwego rwa Amerika rushinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga, rukunze kugendera kuri politiki zidashinga cyangwa zataye igihe, ruzikuye ku bayobozi bazihozemo cyangwa abadipolomate batakiri mu mirimo, kabone nubwo izo politiki zaba zihabanye n’ukuri. Urugero ni imyitwarire ya Antony Blinken ushinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga, ku kibazo cya Somaliland.

Imyitwarire ya Amerika mu kibazo cyo mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo na yo ntaho itaniye n’ibyo twavugaga kuko nta musaruro itanga. Aha turavuga ku kibazo cy’Umutwe wa M23 wavutse mu 2012 biturutse ku kuba Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, yaranze gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano basinyanye muri Werurwe 2009.

Uko kwigaragambya kw’abagize uwo mutwe kwavutsemo intambara igamije gusaba ko habaho imiyoborere myiza na demokarasi muri icyo gihugu. Abanenga uwo mutwe bavuga ko na wo ugira uruhare mu guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu.

M23 mu 2012 ntibyayigoye gufata Goma, umujyi wa gatatu munini muri Congo. Hari na bamwe mu ngabo za Leta na Polisi biyunze kuri M23 icyo gihe. Habayeho ibiganiro by’amahoro byatumye M23 yivana mu Mujyi wa Goma, mu 2013 abagize uwo mutwe bahungira muri Uganda.

Uwo mwaka ni bwo Amerika yafatiye ibihano M23. Mu 2021, mu buryo bw’uburyarya Perezida wa RDC, Félix Tshisekedi yongeye kubura ibyo guhohotera Abatutsi b’Abanye-Congo, M23 igarukana ubukana.

Umuryango w’Abibumbye, abashakashatsi, imiryango y’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’imiryango mpuzamahanga bashinja M23 kwiba umutungo kamere wa Congo, babifashijwemo n’u Rwanda na Uganda. Iyi miryango irarenga ikanazamura ibirego bidafite ibimenyetso, birimo gukabya ariko abanyamakuru bakabitangaza.

Nubwo bimeze gutyo, Leta ya Amerika ikomeje kurunda ibihano kuri M23 ndetse inshuro nyinshi Blinken yagiye yumvikana yamagana uyu mutwe.

Uko iminsi ishira indi igataha, Leta ya Amerika bigenda bigaragara ko yibeshye. Tshisekedi ni umwe mu bayobozi bamunzwe na ruswa ku Isi. Mu gihe ibikorwaremezo yasanze mu gihugu hirya no hino birushaho kwangirika, Tshisekedi we arushaho gukira. Amafaranga amaze kunyerezwa ku butegetsi bwe arusha ubwinshi ayo icyo gihugu kimaze guhabwa nk’inguzanyo n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF).

Umurwa Mukuru Kinshasa warashize, indi mijyi nka Goma yo iri habi cyane, nta mihanda mizima, nta suku n’isukura, amazi n’umuriro w’amashanyarazi. Byanashoboka ko ariyo mpamvu abanye-Congo benshi bari kwinjira muri M23 ku bwinshi.

Iminsi namaze mu bice bigenzurwa na M23

Nyuma y’iminsi nzamuka imisozi n’amashyamba, naje kugera mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, mara icyumweru mu bice bigenzurwa na M23, njya ahabera imirwano ari ko nganira n’abantu. Ibyo niboneye n’amaso bitandukanye n’ibyo nabwiwe n’abayobozi baba ab’i Washington na Kinshasa.

Ikintu gitangaje kuri M23 ni uburyo aho iri hatuje. Muri Kinshasa, ku manywa umutekano uba ugerwa ku mashyi ariko bikarushaho kuzamba mu masaha y’umugoroba. N’ahantu hari utubari na za restaurants bisa neza mu gace ka Gombe hafi y’ingoro ya Perezida, biragoye kubona umunye-Congo wifuza kuhanyura wenyine.

Muri Rutshuru mu bice nka Bunagana ndetse na Kibirizi, agace karimo isoko kabereyemo imirwano ikaze hagati ya M23 n’ingabo za Leta mu kwezi gushize, ubu haratuje byaba ku manywa n’ijoro.

Mu mihanda yo muri utwo duce, imodoka, za moto n’amakamyo biba bibisikana nta muntu ushinzwe umutekano ubiherekeje. Bitandukanye no mu ntara ya Cabo Delgado muri Mozambique yazahajwe n’ibitero by’iterabwoba, aho imodoka kugira ngo zigende zigomba kuba ziherekejwe n’abashinzwe umutekano ngo zitagabwaho ibitero. Ni nako bimeze muri Centrafrique cyangwa ahandi muri RDC.

Ubwo nanyuraga mu bice bigenzurwa na M23, nahuye n’imodoka z’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta nka Médecins sans frontiers na World Vision, zikagenda ntawe uzirya urwara kandi nta bashinzwe umutekano baziherekeje. Ni gake cyane wahuraga na bariyeri mu muhanda. Muri Rutshuru, restaurants nziza uzisangamo ingabo ziri mu butumwa bw’amahoro bwa Loni mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo (Monusco).

Abahatuye bagaragaza ko bishimiye kubana na M23 ugereranyije n’uko babagaho hakigenzurwa n’Umutwe wa FDLR. Abaturage bavuga ko mbere FDLR yabahatiraga gukora imirimo y’agahato batishyurwa, by’umwihariko ku bo mu bwoko bw’Abatwa FDLR yakoreshaga nk’abacakara.

Ari abahinzi bo muri ibyo bice n’abo yari yaragize imbohe, bavuga ko bakoraga nta mushahara ahubwo ko bamburwaga amafaranga yabo hakoreshejwe iterabwoba. M23 nayo yaka imisoro ariko iyica abaturage binjije cyangwa bejeje, ku buryo bitababuza gukomeza imirimo yabo yo guhinga no gusarura.

Muri gereza ya Rutshuru ahafungirwa abanyabyaha, nahahuriye n’uwahoze muri FDLR aza gufatwa. Afite imyaka nka 13. Hari n’abandi bakuru kuri we bavuze ko bari bamaze igihe muri FDLR. Bavuze ko kwinjira muri FDLR atari ubushake, ahubwo yarabashimutaga. Bagaragaraga nk’abaruhutse kuba batagihatirwa kujya ku rugamba.

Abatwara amakamyo bagaragaje ko FDLR n’ingabo za Leta basabaga imisoro y’umurengera kandi bagakoresha igitugu. Buri bariyeri wishyuraga bitewe n’uko abo uhasanze babyumva, ukabikora ku gahato. Aba bacuruzi bavuga ko n’ubu bacyishyura ariko itandukaniro, ni uko hashyizweho uburyo wishyura rimwe ugaca mu bice byose bigenzurwa na M23 nta wundi wongeye kuguhagarika.

Baba abagize M23 cyangwa abacuruzi bacuruza kuva ku isukari kugera ku mbaho cyangwa amabuye y’agaciro, bahakana bivuye inyuma ko nta Munyarwanda cyangwa Umunya-Uganda wiba umutungo kamere wa Congo. Bavuga ko ubucuruzi bakora ari ubusanzwe nk’undi Munye-Congo wese ushaka kugurisha ibicuruzwa bye, itandukaniro ni uko ibyo M23 yinjije itabishyira Leta ya Kinshasa.

Amafaranga M23 yinjiza akoreshwa mu gusana imihanda, imishinga y’ingomero z’amashanyarazi n’indi mirimo rusange. Ku rundi ruhande, Leta ya Congo yifashisha abacanshuro b’Abanyamerika bazwi nka Blackwater n’abandi bo mu Burayi bw’Iburasirazuba ngo bayifashe kurwana ku rugamba.

Ikintu gitangaje ubutegetsi bwa Biden bukora ugendeye kuri politiki yabwo, ni ugukorana n’uruhande ruri gukora amabi adasanzwe. Ubwo FDLR yari yarafashe intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru nk’ingaruzwamuheto, bashimuse ubutaka, bangiza pariki Nkuru ya Virunga, iyo uhageze ibimenyetso by’uko bahahoze urabibona.

Ni pariki ibumbatiye urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’ibirunga bitarazima. Muri iyi pariki, FDLR n’abasirikare ba Congo bahigagamo inyamaswa, bakagurisha ingagi, intare n’imvubu. Batemaga amashyamba bakagurisha imbaho, bakahatwika bakahahinga ibigori n’imyumbati nyuma bagahatira abaturage kujya kubisarura nta mushahara. Bari barahatuje imiryango basoreshaga.

Uyu munsi, Pariki ya Virunga ntikiri uko yahoze. NubwoM23 itigeze yirukana abayitujwemo, batangiye kongera gutera amashyamba. Hari imirima myinshi y’imyumbati n’ibigori byaboze byinshi. Ntabwo M23 ikoresha abaturage ku gahato, agace igenzura karimo ibiribwa byinshi cyane.

Ikibabaje ahubwo, ni uburyo Umujyi wa Goma kubona ibyo kurya bigoye. Ntabwo ari M23 ibuza abacuruzi kugeza ibiribwa i Goma ahubwo Guverinoma ya Congo niyo ibabuza.

Urugero rwiza rwo gupimiraho M23, ni uburyo abantu bakomeje gutahuka bagaruka mu bice bari barahunze. Nahuye n’abayobozi bakuru muri Mai Mai bitandukanyije n’uwo mutwe bakazana n’abo bahoze bayoboye. Inshuro nyinshi nagiye mbaza abavuye muri FDLR no mu gisirikare cya Congo, nkababaza ku buryo byagenze ngo batoroke n’uko bizagenda ku miryango yabo basize.

Abenshi bagaragaje impungenge z’imiryango yabo basize i Goma, abandi bakavuga ko abagize imiryango yabo bafunzwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Congo cyangwa se yafatiriye imitungo y’abasirikare bihuje na M23. Abanyamakuru benshi n’abakozi b’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, bakubwira ko bifuza ko M23 ifata umujyi wa Goma ikazana umutekano, ubucuruzi bugakomeza.

Icyakora hari intege nke nabonye muri M23. Mu gihe uyu mutwe ugenda ugana mu nzira y’imiyoborere ya gisivile, nta biganiro ubona bihari bijyanye n’uko imiyoborere izaba yifashe. Bishobora kuba biterwa n’ubwoba bwo kwanga gusubiramo amakosa bakoze mu myaka yashize.

Kubera amateka y’ubugizi bwa nabi bwibasiye Abatutsi mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, ntabwo M23 kuvaho bizashoboka kuko kubikora bizaba bisobanuye kwemera ko habaho Jenoside ikorewe Abatutsi b’Abanye-Congo. Rero aho guhana no gushyira mu kato M23, Leta ya Amerika n’imiryango yayo mpuzamahanga byari bikwiriye gufasha M23 kubaka imiyoborere myiza ihamye ishingiye kuri demokarasi muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Hari ibintu bitatu Leta ya Amerika ikwiriye gutekerezaho mbere yo kwihunza M23: Icya mbere ni uko mu gihe Leta ya Amerika yisanze iri ku ruhande rumwe n’abacanshuro ba Wagner, ntekereza ko ikwiriye kwisuzuma. Icya kabiri, niba abaturage bashaka gusubira mu bice bahozemo Leta ya Congo ikababuza, bikwiriye kugaragara ko Leta ifite ikibazo. Abaturage bahunga kuko nta mutekano n’ubwisanzure bafite, nta kindi.

Icya gatatu, ni uko umutwe w’iterabwoba wa ISIS ukomeje kwagura amashami muri Congo by’umwihariko mu Majyaruguru. Ibi bikomeza kwambura imbaraga Leta ya Amerika mu kuwurwanya. Mwibuke ko umutungo kamere wafasha ISIS gukomeza kubaho muri Congo, ukubye inshuro nyinshi umutungo uwo mutwe ufite mu bihugu nka Syria na Iraq.

Politiki isanzwe y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Amerika ishobora gukora mu bihugu by’u Burayi, Australia n’u Buyapani ariko ntabwo ishoboka muri Afurika. Igihe cyo kuvugurura politiki ya Amerika muri Congo cyararengeranye.

Icyitonderwa: Dr. Michael Rubin, ni umushakashatsi mu kigo American Enterprise Institute. Yakoreye kenshi anaba mu bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati, anakora muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo ya Amerika.

Ubutegetsi bwa Amerika bwagiriwe inama yo guhindura politiki yabwo muri Congo