Mu myaka 30 ishize, u Rwanda cyari igihugu gikeneye ubufasha mu kugarura amahoro yari yarahungabanyijwe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nyamara uyu munsi Igihugu cya kabiri ku Isi mu kugira umubare munini w’abajya mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro hirya no hino.

U Rwanda rwavuye ku kuba igihugu cyo koherezwamo ingabo zo kugarura amahoro, gihinduka igifasha mu kubiba amahoro mu bandi, binyuze mu kugira uruhare mu butumwa bw’amahoro bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (Loni) n’ubw’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU), ndetse n’amasezerano rwagiye rugirana n’ibindi bihugu bya Afurika ku giti cyabyo.

Muri uku Kwezi kwa Kanama 2024, u Rwanda rurizihiza imyaka 20 ishize rutangiye kohereza intumwa zarwo mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro, ibintu byahindutse kimwe mu nkingi za politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga zarwo.

Byarenze gutanga umutekano ku baturage b’ibyo bihugu no kwita ku bikorwa remezo gusa, ahubwo intumwa z’u Rwanda zijya mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro zinatanga umusanzu ukomeye mu kugarura amahoro, kurinda ibyago by’uko amakimbirane yakongera kubura, ndetse no kuzamura imibereho myiza y’abaturage b’ibyo bihugu.

Aya mahitamo mazima ashingiye ku isomo twigiye mu mateka yacu, aho intumwa zo kubungabunga amahoro iwacu zari zikwije zifite intwaro, zasize abaturage mu menyo ya rubamba. Byanavuye kandi ku mbaraga u Rwanda rwashyize mu kubaka igisirikare n’igipolisi by’ibinyamwuga ndetse birangwa n’ikinyabupfura.

Intumwa z’u Rwanda mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro zihamagarirwa gushyira imbere umutekano w’abasivili, bishingiye ku nshingano mpuzamahanga yo kurinda no kutarebera ikibi (R2P) ndetse n’amasezerano yasinyiwe i Kigali agendanye no kurengera uburenganzira bw’abasivili.

Mu 2003 ubwo hatangiraga ibibazo by’umutekano muke i Darfur, benshi mu basobanuye ibyari biri kubayo bavuze ko ari “urundi Rwanda”, bashaka kwerekana ko ibyari biri kubayo bisa n’ibyabaye mu Rwanda [Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi].

Mu 2004, ubwo hari hashize imyaka icumi habaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, AU na Loni byegereye u Rwanda basaba ubufasha, na rwo rwemera kohereza ingabo. Ingabo z’u Rwanda zoherejwe gucungira umutekano intumwa za Loni zari mu butumwa i Darfur no gufasha mu kugarura umutekano mu gace aho abantu barenga 10,000 bari barishwe abandi bagera muri za miliyoni i barakuwe mu byabo.

No mu 2010, ubwo Haiti yahuraga n’umutingito umwe mu mibi yabayeho mu mateka y’Isi, ugasiga abantu barenga 300,000 bapfuye abandi bakuwe mu byabo, u Rwanda rwatanze igisubizo cyihuse ruhita rwoherezayo abapolisi. Mu gihe cy’imyaka icyenda ubwo butumwa bwamaze kugeza mu 2019, intumwa z’u Rwanda zakoze inshingano zitandukanye zirimo uburinzi, guherekeza abantu, gutanga ubutabazi bw’ibanze ndetse no kurinda inkambi zahungiyemo abavuye mu byabo.

Uretse ibyo kandi izo ntumwa z’u Rwanda zanacungiye umutekano intumwa za Loni, ndetse zikanakora ibikorwa by’ubutabazi bwihuse mu baturage. Polisi y’u Rwanda kandi yakoze ubutumwa busa n’ubwo no mu bindi bihugu birimo Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia na Sierra Leone.

Mu 2012 ubwo Sudani y’Epfo yabonaga ubwigenge, Loni yashyizeho itsinda rishinzwe gusubiza ibintu mu buryo, isaba u Rwanda koherezayo abantu muri ubwo butumwa bushya. Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri bitewe n’imvururu zindi zavutse muri Centrafrique, Loni yoherejeyo ingabo mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro (MINUSCA).

Uretse ibyo, hashingiwe ku masezerano ahuriweho n’impande zombi, u Rwanda rwohereje ingabo muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique gucunga umutekano mu Murwa Mukuru Bangui no guhangana n’ibyihebe muri icyo gihe.

U Rwanda kandi rwakomeje gufasha Repubulika ya Centrafrique kubungabunga amahoro ndetse no kuyifasha ndetse no gukora impinduka mu nzego zayo z’umutekano.

Mu 2021, Mozambique yahuye n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’umutekano muke, ubwo abarwanyi bitwaje intwaro bafite aho bahuriye na ISIS, batumye abaturage ibihumbi amagana bava mu byabo, bakigarurira agace ka Cabo Delgado.

Nyuma y’ibyumweru bike, ingabo z’u Rwanda na Mozambique zabashije kugarura umutekano muri ako gace abaturage bagaruka mu ngo zabo.

Muri ubwo butumwa bwose, abo u Rwanda rwohereza muri bwo bagirayo umumaro urenze gusa kugarura umutekano mu duce bakoreramo, bagakora ibikorwa bihuza abaturage nk’Umuganda, ari wo gahunda y’abaturage yo gukora isuku mu gace batuyemo, nyuma yawo hakaba inama yo kwiga ku bibazo bibangamiye sosiyete.

Nk ‘i Darfur no muri Sudani y’Epfo, abo u Rwanda rwohereje mu butumwa (igice kinini kigizwe n’abagore) bitaye ku mibereho myiza y’umugore aho batangije ikoreshwa ry’imbabura za Rondereza, ibyo byagabanyije ibyago byo kuba bari kugirirwa nabi mu gihe bagiye gutashya.

Gushibuka k’u Rwanda rukava ku guhabwa amahoro n’umutekano, rugahinduka urubiha abandi, byerekana ko binyuze mu gushikama, ubushake bwa politiki ndetse n’ubufatanye, amahoro ashobora kugerwaho aho ari ho hose.

Muri iki gihe ibintu bigenda bidogera, ni ngombwa ko Isi yose yakorera hamwe kugira ngo ibibazo by’umutekano bikemuke.

Igihugu cyacu kizi neza uko bigenda iyo ibihugu bihisemo kwigira ntibindeba bikirengagiza abaturage b’abasivili bahura n’akarengane n’umutekano muke. U Rwanda ruhora rwiteguye ko buri gihe twakora ibyo twashobora mu bushobozi bwacu, kugira ngo amateka mabi twanyuzemo atazisubiramo, haba iwacu cyangwa mu mahanga.

Ingabo z'u Rwanda mu bikorwa byo kugarura amahoro muri Mozambique mu ntara ya Cabo Delgado