Banki y’Isi igaragaza ko mu 2023, 74,6% by’Abanye-Congo batungwaga n’amadolari ya Amerika ari munsi ya 2,15 ku munsi, mu gihe Umunye-Congo umwe muri batandatu aba mu bukene bukabije.

Imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zituma iki gihugu kirangwa n’ubukene bukabije, ni intambara zihanganisha imitwe yitwaje intwaro n’ingabo za Leta ariko zituruka ahanini ku buyobozi bubi busimburana.

Izi ntambara zatangiye mu 1996 ubwo Mobutu Sese Seko wayoboraga iki gihugu kicyitwa ‘Zaïre’ yari amaze gufata icyemezo cyo kwambura Abanyamulenge ubwenegihugu, abita Abanyarwanda, akanakira Interahamwe n’ingabo zari iz’u Rwanda (Ex-FAR), aho yari yarazisezeranyije ubufasha bwo gukuraho ubutegetsi bwari bwafashwe n’Inkotanyi muri Nyakanga 1994.

Icyo gihe, Laurent Désiré Kabila yashinze umutwe wa AFDL wari ufite intego yo gusubiza Abanye-Congo uburenganzira bwabo, ubanje gukura ku butegetsi Mobutu. Ingabo z’u Rwanda zaramufashije kubera impamvu z’umutekano, kuko zo zibandaga ahanini ku kurwanya Interahamwe na Ex-FAR bisuganyaga ngo bafate u Rwanda.

Mu gihe ingabo za Zaïre zari ziri gutsindwa iyi ntambara, abarimo Nelson Mandela wayoboraga Afurika y’Epfo, Mohamed Sahnoun wari intumwa yihariye ya Loni na Bill Richarson wari Ambasaderi wa Amerika muri Loni muri Gicurasi 1997 bateguye ibiganiro byari guhuza Mobutu na Kabila byari kubera mu bwato bwa Outeniqua bwari mu nyanja ya Atlantique.

Ibi biganiro Laurent Kabila yabanje kwanga kubyitabira, agaragaza impungenge yari afite ku mutekano we bitewe n’uko atari yamenyeshejwe abari muri ubu bwato.

Nk’uko Los Angeles Times yabitangaje, yagize ati “Mpangayikishijwe n’umutekano wanjye.”

Nyuma y’amasaha agera kuri 11, Laurent Kabila yageze kuri ubu bwato, ariko Mobutu na we yagiye, bisaba ko na we amutegereza kuko yari yagiye kurara muri Pointe-Noire, mu ntera itari ndende cyane uvuye aho ubu bwato bwari buri.

Byacaga amarenga ko ibi biganiro bishobora kudatanga umusaruro, kandi koko ni ko byagenze kuko nyuma y’amezi arindwi Perezida Mandela n’abafatanyabikorwa bagerageje guhuza impande zombi, tariki ya 17 Gicurasi 1997 AFDL yakuyeho ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu, Kabila aba Perezida.

Ibibazo by'Abanye-Congo byatangiye ubwo Mobutu Sese Seko yahaga rugari Interahamwe na Ex-FAR

Ubwo Laurent Kabila yajyaga ku butegetsi, hari icyizere ko agiye gukemura ibibazo byose byabangamiraga umutekano w’Abanye-Congo bo mu Burasirazuba, ariko na we yaje gufata icyemezo kibi cyo gufasha Interahamwe na Ex-FAR kwiyubaka, zikazatera u Rwanda, zigafata ubutegetsi nk’uko zari zarabyiyemeje.

Icyakomeje gutera impungenge cyane ku Nterahamwe na Ex-FAR, ni ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside bakomeje gusigasira, yayoboye ibikorwa byabo byose kuva mu gihe bahungiraga muri Congo, mu gihe bashingaga umutwe wa FDLR kugeza n’ubu.

FDLR yaranzwe n’ibikorwa birimo kwica Abanye-Congo, kubanyaga imitungo yabo kandi yatijwe umurindi na Leta kuko yayemereye kwisanzura, igenzura bimwe mu bice byo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, yototera na Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Hatangiye kuvuka imitwe y’Abanye-Congo ishingiye ku moko, yari igamije kwirwanaho.

Abanye-Congo by’umwihariko Abanyamulenge barambiwe itotezwa bari bakomeje gukorerwa na Leta ya RDC ndetse n’imitwe nka FDLR, mu 1998 bashinga umutwe wa RCD-Goma kugira ngo birinde ubwabo, banakureho ubutegetsi bwa Kabila.

Ni icyemezo cyashingiraga ku kuba, ubwo Laurent Kabila yari amaze igihe gito ku butegetsi, yafashe icyemezo cyo kwirukana Abanyarwanda bose bari ku butaka bwa Congo n’abo yitaga bo cyane cyane Abanyamulenge bari mu butegetsi.

Mu gihe intambara yari ikomeje, ibihugu birimo Afurika y’Epfo byagerageje guhuza Laurent Kabila na RCD-Goma yari yaramaze guhuza imbaraga na MLC ya Jean Pierre Bemba, ariko mu gihe hari hamaze gusinywa amasezerano ya Lusaka, uyu Mukuru w’Igihugu asaba ko hashyiraho Komisiyo yagombaga kuyobora ibi biganiro.

Nk’uko Ikinyamakuru The New Humanitarian cyabitangaje, Bemba yasubije ko ubusabe bwa Kabila burimo kwishongora, yongeraho ko uyu Mukuru w’Igihugu akwiye kumva ko ari Umunye-Congo nk’abandi.

Ati “Kabila ntafite uburenganzira bwo kudutegeka. Yasinye amasezerano nkatwe. Twasabye umuhuza utabogamye w’Abanye-Congo. Iyi Komisiyo ni undi mukino wa Kabila.”

Ibiganiro byabereye i Lusaka n’i Pretoria ntacyo byatanze kuko intambara yarakomeje kugeza ubwo Laurent Kabila yasimburwaga n’umuhungu we Joseph Kabila, nyuma yo kwicwa n’umwe mu barinzi be mu 2001.

Laurent Kabila yirukanye Abanyarwanda n'abo yatekerezaga ko ari Abanyarwanda

AFDL ya Kabila yavuyeho, RCD-Goma na yo ivaho, ariko Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bakomeje gutotezwa na FDLR n’indi mitwe yabibyemo ingengabitekerezo yayo.

Bamwe mu basirikare bo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru bari bayobowe na Gen. Laurent Nkunda mu Ukuboza 2009 bashinze umutwe witwaje intwaro wa CNDP washyize igitutu kuri Joseph Kabila kugeza ubwo yemeye imishyikirano.

Igitutu kuri Kabila cyatewe ahanini n’imbaraga abarwanyi ba CNDP bagaragaje kuko bafashe ibice byinshi byo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru byihuse. Tariki ya 23 Werurwe 2009, impande zombi zagiranye amasezerano, abarwanyi ba CNDP binjira mu gisirikare cy’igihugu, uyu mutwe uhinduka ishyaka.

Ingingo nyamukuru yari muri aya masezerano yari ukurinda umutekano w’Abanye-Congo bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi wari ukomeje guhungabanywa n’imitwe irimo FDLR n’indi y’inshuti irimo Nyatura zashinzwe n’Abanye-Congo b’Abahutu.

Abahoze ari abarwanyi ba CNDP bafashe icyemezo cyo kurema umutwe wa M23 mu 2012, basobanura ko Leta ya RDC itigeze yubahiriza amasezerano yasinywe ku ya 23 Werurwe. Mu Ugushyingo 2012 bari bamaze gufata umujyi wa Goma ufatwa nk’umurwa mukuru wa Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, ariko basubira inyuma bubahiriza umwanzuro w’abakuru b’ibihugu byo mu karere, wabasabaga guhagarika imirwano.

M23 yari yijejwe ko Kabila azakemura ibibazo byatumye abarwanyi bayo bafata intwaro, ariko nyuma yo kuva muri Goma, ingabo za Leta ya RDC n’iziri mu butumwa bwa Loni (MONUSCO) zayigabyeho ibitero simusiga, bahungira muri Uganda no mu Rwanda.

Umuyobozi w’Ingabo za M23, Gen. Sultani Makenga, aherutse gutangaza ko we n’abo ayoboye bategerereje mu buhungiro ko Leta ya RDC izubahiriza umwanzuro w’abakuru b’ibihugu byo mu karere, Kabila ava ku butegetsi ntacyo abikozeho, na Félix Tshisekedi ntiyagira icyo abikoraho kugeza ubwo mu 2017 basubiye muri RDC.

Gen. Makenga yasobanuye ko abarwanyi ba M23 bagiye i Kinshasa kugira ngo baganire na Tshisekedi ku iyubahirizwa ry’aya masezerano, ariko nyuma y’amezi 14 bari mu murwa mukuru, bafata icyemezo cyo gusubira muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru kuko nta gisubizo yabahaye.

Mu gihe M23 igenzura igice kinini cya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru kuva ubwo yuburaga imirwano mu mpera za 2021, umuryango mpuzamahanga ugaragaza ko icyahagarika iyi ntambara ari imishyikirano hagati y’impande zombi, ariko Leta ya RDC yarabyanze, ivuga ko idashobora kuganira n’umutwe w’iterabwoba, yongeraho ko urimo Abanyarwanda; ya mvugo ya Laurent Kabila na Mobutu.

Ku rundi ruhande, uko Leta ya RDC ivuga ibi, ni ko ingabo zayo zikomeza kwifatanya n’imitwe yahungabanyije iyi ntara mu myaka hafi 30 ishize, irimo FDLR n’indi yiswe Wazalendo. Kugeza ubu, mu burasirazuba bw’iki gihugu habarizwa imitwe irenga 200 yose yavutse biturutse kuri politiki mbi y’ubuyobozi bwacyo.

Joseph Kabila yabeshye abari abarwanyi ba M23, bagabwaho ibitero byagizwemo uruhare na MONUSCO

Tshisekedi ntakozwa ibyo kuganira na M23, nyamara amahanga agaragaza ko ibiganiro ari byo byahagarika intambara

Ingamba zo kugarura umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa RDC ntacyo zatanze