Kubera iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga abahanga mu bya siyansi bavumbuye izindi bateri zitazongera kurangwa na bimwe twita ‘amazi ya batiri’ kuko zizaba zikozwe mu bindi bikoresho bikomeye. Zizwi nka ‘solid-state battery’ mu Cyongereza.

Ni ubwoko butari bushya cyane kuko hashize imyaka myinshi zitangiye kwigwaho. zifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kubika ingufu mu buryo butandukanye n’ubwari busanzwe.

Birazwi ko muri batiri zisanzwe haba hari igice kirimo amazi [electrolyte]. Aya mazi azasimburwa n’ibindi bikoresho bishobora kunyuramo no kubika ingufu ariko bikomeye cyangwa byorohereye.

Aha wavuga nk’ikinyabutabire cya ‘lithium oxide’, ibirahure byo mu bwoko bw’ibinyabutabire bya lithium phosphorus oxynitride- LiPON, cyangwa plastique zo mu bwoko bw’ibinyabutabire bya polymer, mu gihe haba hagiye gukorwa batiri yorohereye. Igihari n’uko za ‘electrolyte’ zitazongera kuba ibisukika ukundi.

Hari gushyirwa ingufu nyinshi mu gukora izi batiri kuko izisanzwe zifite electrolyte z’amazi ziba zifite ibyago byinshi byo gushyuha bikabije zikaba zateza inkongi, mu gihe izi za ‘solid-state’ ibikoresho biba bizikoze bitafatwa n’ubushyuhe ngo biteze inkongi.

Ikindi ni uko zibika ingufu igihe kirekire. Bivuze ko batiri z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zazajya zirambya umuriro cyane. Izi batiri injiramo umuriro byihuse ugereranyije n’izisanzwe.

Amazi ya batiri zisanzwe hari ubwo asaza bikaba ngombwa ko bayahindura hakaba n’ubwo batiri zibora, ariko ibi ntibizigera bibaho kuri izi zikomeye kandi ubushobozi bwazo ntibuzajya bugabanyuka.

Izi batiri zizaba zifite ubushobozi bwo kubika watt 1000 z’umuriro ku kilo kimwe [500wh/kg], ibikubye kane impuzandengo izisanzwe zariho uyu munsi ya 250 wh/kg.

Ntibizasaba kongerwa ubunini kugira ngo zigire ubushobozi bwo kubika umuriro mwinshi, ahubwo zizbirashoboka ko zazagabanywa zikaba nto, ariko ntibizibuze gutanga umusaruro mwinshi.

Ukoroha [mu buremere] kwazo bizatuma n’uburemere bw’imodoka bugabanyuka, bikajyana kandi n’uko zizarushaho kuramba ndetse ntizangirike cyane.

Magingo aya ibigo byinshi byashoye imari yabyo mu mishinga yo gukora izi batiri kubera icyezere cyiza zitanga cy’ahazaza ku modoka zidakoresha ibikomoka kuri peteroli.

Toyota yatangaje ko bitarenze 2027-2028 izaba yatangiye kugurisha izi batiri zizaba zifite ubushobozi bwo kugenda kilometero 1,000 zitarashiramo umuriro kandi bigatwara iminota 10 gusa kugira ngo zongere zuzuzwe.

Iyi ni ishusho igaragaza imiterere ya batiri idafite amazi iri gukorwa n'uruganda rwa Toyota

Ikigo cyo mu Bufaransa cyitwa Blue Solutions, cyatangiye kugurisha batiri nk’izi zagenewe za bisi zikaba zifite ubushobozi bwo kuzuza umuriro mu masaha ane gusa.

Hari gahunda yo gutangira gukora batiri zagenewe imodoka zisazwe, intego ari ugukora batiri yinjiza umuriro mu minota 20 kandi ikaba yagenda ibilometero 1,000 nta kibazo.

Iki kigo gifite gahunda yo kuzaba cyubatse uruganda runini rw’izi batiri mu 2029 kikaba cyaranamaze no kwinjira mu bufatanye n’uruganda rwa BMW bijyanye n’uyu mushinga.

ProLogium Technology yo muri Taiwan yo yatangaje ko bitarenze 2023 izaba yatangiye gukora igerageza ry’izi batiri. Ubu yaramaze kujya mu bufatanye na Mercedes-Benz, Stellantis, na TotalEnergies, mu kubaka uruganda rwazo muri Taiwan no mu Bufaransa.

Ibihugu byo ku Mugabane wa Aziya by’umwihariko u Bushinwa biri mu byafashe iya mbere mu gutangira ibikorwa by’ubushakashatsi kuri izi batiri, ibitanga ikizere ko mu myaka ya vuba zizaba zatangiye gukwirakwizwa hirya no hino ku Isi.

Nubwo hakiri inzitizi nyinshi mu gukora no gutunganya izi batiri, abashakashatsi bemeza ko mu gihe kiri imbere zishobora kuzakemura ibibazo bikomeye byugarije urwego rw’ingufu uyu munsi wa none.

Izi batiri zizaba zifite ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu igihe kirekire ugereranyije n'izisanzwe

Ibihugu byinshi byatangiye gushora imari mu nganda zo gukora izi batiri