Ni imashini kabuhariwe ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rifasha gucukumbura byimbitse no kuvura indwara zifata ibihaha, urwagashya, umwijima, agasabo k’indurwe, urwungano ngogozi, ndetse n’utunyangingo dufasha mu ihangwa ry’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri tuzwi nka ‘lymph nodes’.

Kuba ikoranabuhanga rya EUS riboneka hake cyane, bituruka ahanini ku kiguzi cyaryo gihanitse.

Muri Gicurasi 2022, Ikinyamakuru GI&Hepatology News cyagaragaje ko ikoranabuhanga rya EUS ritakunze guhinduka kuva mu mpera z’Ikinyejana cya 20, ndetse ko ikiguzi cyaryo cyatwaye agera ku $450,000.

Icyo gihe byateganywaga ko igiciro cy’imashini ya EUS kizagera ku $50,000.

Umuyobozi wa Sosiyete y’Abanyamerika EndoSound ikora izo mashini, Stephen Steinberg, avuga ko ikoranabuhanga rya EUS rikenewe cyane ahatangirwa serivisi zo kubaga abarwayi, kuko zafasha kubikora neza cyane ku ruhande rw’ abarwayi n’urw’abaganga, kandi ku kiguzi cyo hasi.

Ati “Inzitizi yonyine kuri iryo koranabuhanga yakomeje kuba ikiguzi cy’iyo mashini. Tubaye dushoboye kwigobotora iyo nzitizi, ubwo buvuzi [EUS zifashamo] buzakorwa byoroshye kandi neza.”

Uretse mu bihugu bya Africa bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, no mu byateye imbere ikoranabuhanga rya EUS rigaragara hake.

Nko muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kugeza mu 2022 amavuriro menshi ntiyagiraga iryo koranabuhanga. Nibura 97% by’ahabagirwa abarwayi bataha izo mashini ntizari zihari, na 80% by’ibitaro byo muri icyo gihugu byari uko.

EUS ikora ite?

Imashini ifite ikoranabuhanga rya EUS ikora icya rimwe ibyagakozwe n’imashini ebyiri, zirimo iya ‘endoscopy’ igaragaza amashusho y’ibibera imbere mu mubiri inyuze mu nzira y’urwungano ngogozi, n’iya ‘ultrasound’ ifata amajwi y’ibibera imbere mu mubiri, ikayagaragaragaza mu mashusho.

Ibyo bivuze ko EUS ifasha abaganga kubona amajwi yumvikana neza n’amashusho agaragara neza ya za ngingo zavuzwe haruguru mu gihe zikorerwa ubuvuzi.

Mu ikoreshwa rya EUS, hiyambazwa agatiyo (tube) gato katakomeretsa umuntu, kakoherezwa mu nzira y’urwungano ngogozi. Ako gakoresho kitwa ‘endoscope’, kagenda kerekana amashusho y’aho kanyuze uko byifashe.

Ku mpera z’ako gatiyo, haba hari akandi gakoresho ka ‘ultrasound’ gafata amajwi y’ibiri kubera muri cya gice cy’umubiri ‘endoscope’ igezemo.

Ayo majwi nayo abyazwamo amashusho atanga amakuru yimbitse kuri icyo gice cyoherejweho agatiyo, abaganga bakayarebera kuri ‘écran’ ari nako bayasesengura, bahanahana ibitekerezo ku bimenyetso by’indwara babona, n’uko bari buyivure.

Hari ubwo kuri ka gatiyo homekwaho agashinge gato, gakoreshwa mu gufata impagararizi (samples) zifashishwa mu bizamini bya laboratwari. Izo mpagararizi zishobora kuba ibitembabuzi (fluid) cyangwa utunyangingo (tissue), ni zo bita ‘biopsy’ mu Cyongereza.

Ikoranabuhanga rya EUS rishobora kandi kwifashishwa mu kumisha igisebe, cyangwa kohereza umuti mu ngingo runaka z’ imbere mu mubiri zarwaye. Icyo gihe nabwo haba hometsweho agashinge karimo umuti.

Agatiyo gakoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya EUS kanyuzwa mu kanwa, aho kerekana amashusho y’umuhogo, igifu, n’ibice by’urura ruto.

Gashobora no kunyuzwa mu kibuno kakerekana amashusho y’aho umwanda ukomeye usohokera, n’ay’ibice by’urura runini (colon).

EUS ikoreshwa n’umuganga wabihuguriwe by’umwihariko witwa ‘gastroenterologist’ mu Cyongereza.

Mbere yo kuyikoresha, umurwayi aba agomba kuganirizwa ku bibazo iryo koranabuhanga rishobora gutera, birimo kuvusha amaraso, kwanduza, kubabaza urugingo runaka, no kwangirika k’urwagashya.

Mu kwirinda kugerwaho n’ibyo bibazo, umurwayi aba agomba kubahiriza neza amabwiriza ahabwa n’itsinda ry’abaganga bamuvura bakoresheje EUS.

Umurwayi wavuwe hifashishijwe iryo koranabuhanga asabwa kwihutira kwa muganga ubishinzwe igihe agize ibimenyetso birimo umuriro, kuribwa mu gifu bikabije, kubabara mu ijosi cyangwa mu gituza, kuruka cyangwa kumva abishaka cyane, kuruka amaraso, no kwituma ibisa n’umukara.

Mbere yo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe EUS, umurwayi amara nibura amasaha atandatu atarya kandi atanywa kugira ngo igifu kibe kirimo ubusa.

Iyo agatiyo kari bunyuzwe mu kibuno, umurwayi aba agomba kubanza kuhoza neza. Akenshi hakoreshwa imiti yabugenewe.

Hari ubwo itsinda ry’abaganga bari buvure umurwayi bakoresheje EUS rimusaba kuba ahagaritse imwe mu yindi miti yafataga.

Icyo gihe biba bisaba ko umurwayi abanza kuganiriza abo baganga ku bwoko bw’imiti afata, by’umwihariko ntiyibagirwe imiti rwatsi mu gihe yaba irimo.

Imiti umurwayi ahabwa kugira ngo asinzire cyangwa ntahangayike mu gihe avurwa hakoreshejwe EUS, hari ubwo ishobora gutuma yumva ajagaraye cyangwa adatekereza neza nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Icyo gihe aba agomba gushaka umuntu umugeza mu rugo, kandi akaba ari hafi ye nibura umunsi wose.

Uwatewe ikinya avurwa hakoreshejwe EUS ntabwo yakanguka abaganga batarasoza ibyo bakora. Uwatewe imiti igabanya uburibwe ashobora kumva abangamiwe, ariko akenshi usanga umurwayi asinzira cyangwa ntiyumve uburibwe.

Ikoreshwa rya EUS ku murwayi akenshi rimara igihe kiri munsi y’isaha imwe. Icyakora gufata impagararizi cyangwa kuvura ingingo runaka hakoreshejwe iryo koranabuhanga bishobora gutwara igihe kirenze icyo.

Hari ubwo nyuma yo kunyuza agatiyo ka EUS mu muhogo umurwayi ashobora gusarara. Icyo gihe akoresha ibinini by’inkorora bisanzwe agakira.

Ubuvuzi bwifashisha EUS bukorwa n'itsinda rikuriwe na muganga wabihuguriwe by'umwihariko. Akenshi umurwayi asabwa kuryamira uruhande rw'ibumoso mu gihe avurwa hakoreshejwe iryo koranabuhnaga.