Mu 2007 ni bwo hatangijwe uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicanwa biturutse mu mase n’umwanda ukomoka ku matungo bizwi nka ‘Biogas’ ariko nyuma y’igihe gito abaturage benshi bagaragaza ko zidatanga ingufu uko babishaka.

Leta yari yihaye intego y’uko ikoreshwa ry’ibicanwa bikomoka ku mashyamba bizaba biri ku rugero rwa 42% mu 2024 bivuye kuri 79.9% muri 2018, hakimakazwa ikoreshwa rya gas na biogas, n’izindi ngufu zitangiza ikirere.

Ibyavuye mu ibarura rusange rya 2022 bigaragaza ko 76% by’Abanyarwanda bagikoresha inkwi, 17% bateka bakoresheje amakara mu gihe 5% ari bo bakoresha gas, 1% bakoresha ubundi buryo na ho abandi bangana na 1% ntibateka.

Umushakashatsi akaba n’Umwalimu muri Koleji y’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga ya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Ntaganda James yabwiye IGIHE ko mu bushakashatsi bakoze basanze ibibazo byatumye biogas za mbere zidatanga umusaruro harimo kuba abaturage batarazitagaho, abo inka zibaye nke n’amase aba make bacika intege, n’ababifashe nka gahunda ya Leta gusa ntibabyiteho.

Byiyongeraho kuba hari ba rwiyemezamirimo barubatse ibigega itunganyirizwamo bitujuje ubuziranenge.

Mu bushakashatsi bakoze mu 2021, ku ngo 376 zari zifite biogas basanze izigera kuri 9% gusa ari zo zigikora mu gihe izindi zarahagaze.

Ati “Izo 9% rero zigaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga rya biogas rikora ibindi byose ubwo byaturutse kuri bya bibazo twagiye tubona.”

Ntaganda yavuze ko bahise bashaka icyatuma biogas ikomeza kuba ingufu zicanwa kuko ifasha mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya yoherezwa mu kirere, bakora ikoranabuhanga rigenzura imikorere ya biogas mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu rikagaragaza izikora neza n’izifite ikibazo.

Bakoze sisiteme ebyiri zirimo igenzura biogas yakozwe n’uko mu kigega hameze. Bashyizemo utwuma (sensors) dupima acidité, tukumva ubushyuhe n’ubuhehere mu kigega no hanze yacyo, ndetse bashyiramo ko mu gihe biogas itangiye kuba nke iri koranabuhanga ryohereza ubutumwa buburira kuri telefone.

Ati “Iyo tubonye biogas yamanutse turamuhamagara tukamubaza niba muri iyo minsi yarashyizemo amase, kuruta uko umuturage akora nta muntu umureberera, ugasanga ni ikibazo kugira ngo umenye ngo ikibazo kiri hehe.”

Iri koranabuhanga rigaragaza kandi biogas yakozwe ku munsi, iyakoreshejwe mu guteka n’ingufu yagendanaga mu gihe cyo guteka.

Umuriro wa biogas uba uhagije ku buryo nta kintu utahisha iyo yitabwaho

Biogs yabasha guhaza urugo mu bicanwa?

Umwalimu akaba n’Umushakashatsi muri Koleji y’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga, Dr Twahirwa Evariste unakora kuri ubu bushakashatsi yabwiye IGIHE ko iri koranabuhanga ryakorewe muri UR-CST ritanga icyizere ko mu gihe abantu bafashe neza biogas, bakongeramo amase mu buryo buhoraho kandi igahora igenzurwa nta kabuza yateka ibintu byose umuntu ashaka kandi bigakorwa igihe kirekire.

Ati “Buriya biogas iyo ifashwe neza ishobora kumara n’igihe kirekire itanga serivisi kuri nyirayo. Iri genzura rero rifasha umuturage kuba afite biogas ishobora kumutekera ariko bikanaduha icyizere ko iyo biogas ishobora kumara igihe kirekire ikorana kandi neza.”

Yahamije ko ibi bikoresho bifasha kugenzura biogas bihagaze mu gaciro ka 200$, ndetse ngo isoko ribikeneye ribonetse bakomeza gukora n’ibindi.

Aba bashakashatsi bagaragaza ko gukoresha biogas byafasha Leta kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere yoherezwa n’u Rwanda kuko ikomoka ku bworozi bw’inka yihariye 20%.

Ntaganda ati “Amase rero iyo wamaze kuyanyuza muri biogas, ya methane izamuka mu kirere ukayitekesha, wagabanyije ku rugero rufatika imyuka ihumanya ikirere, na ya fumbire iza kunganira kugabanya ya myuka iva mu gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda kuko uburyo bw’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka ni bwo buza ku mwanya wa kabiri bugira uruhare mu kohereza imyuka rungana na 16%.”

Gucana kuri biogas kandi biri mu byagabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima, ibihaha, indwara zo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero na kanseri.

Ibikoresho byumva uko mu kigega hameze biba biri hafi ariko sensors zikoherezwa mu kigega imbere

Agakoresho k'icyatsi kometse ku gikuta ni ko gafasha gukusanya amakuru kuri biogas yakoreshejwe n'ingufu yagendanaga

James Ntaganda yasobanuye ko ikoranabuhanga bakoze rizafasha abakoresha biogaz kumenya aho ikibazo kiri

Ikoranabuhanga bakoze rituma bamenya uko umuntu akoresha biogas buri munsi, yanagira ikibazo bakabimenya

Dr Evariste Twahirwa yahamije ko biogaz ifashwe neza yafasha umuturage igihe kirekire

Bafatanya mu bushakashatsi batewemo inkunga na Komisiyo y'Igihugu Ishinzwe Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga (NCST)

Amafoto ya IGIHE: Kwizera Herve