Ibiza ntabwo ari ikibazo ku Rwanda gusa kuko bimaze kuba inzozi mbi ku batuye Isi muri rusange bijyanye n’uburyo bitwara ubuzima, imitungo ikangirika n’ababirokotse bagasigara iheruheru.

Imibare y’Ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku biza n’ingaruka zabyo ku batuye Isi gishamikiye ku Ishami rya Loni rishinzwe kurwanya no kugabanya ibiza, UNDRR, ‘Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters’ igaragaza ko mu 2023 hagaragaye ibiza 399 bikomeye byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage.

Byishe abarenga ibihumbi 86, bigira ingaruka ku barenga miliyoni 93.

Ibyo biza byose byahombeje ibihugu arenga miliyari 380$, ikibabaje ni uko muri icyo gihombo icyishingiwe cyari miliyari 118$.

Ni ibiza biba byiganjemo imitingito, imyuzure, inkongi, amapfa kumwe izuba riva cyane ibintu bikadogera, imihengeri n’ibindi.

Iyo bigeze ku Rwanda biba akarusho na cyane ko ari igihugu giherereye mu bice bikunze kwibasirwa n’ibiza kamere nk’imitingito.

Uturere tw’u Rwanda tuba turi mu byago byo kuzahazwa n’iyo mitingito cyane ni nk’utwa Nyamagabe, Karongi, Nyamasheke, Rubavu, Rusizi na Rutsiro nk’uko binashimangirwa na Raporo y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Imyubakire, RHA.

Ibyo bijyana n’uko igice cy’u Rwanda cy’Amajyaruguru ashyira Uburengerazuba ari kimwe mu bigize Ikibaya cya Albertine, kikaba igice cy’Ikibaya cya Afurika y’Uburasirazuba kiva muri Ethiopia kigakomeza kugeza muri Mozambique.

Uretse guhorana imitingito igira uruhare mu gutwara abantu ubuzima no kwangiriza ibikorwaremezo, ingaruka zo kuba muri icyo gice habarizwamo, inkangu zikomeye ha handi ubona umusozi wose utengutse ibikunze kuba no mu Rwanda.

Ibiza byabaye muri Gicurasi 2023 byangije ibifite agaciro k'arenga miliyari 200 Frw

Raporo y’inama yabereye mu Rwanda mu mwaka ushize, igamije kureba uko hagabanywa ibiteza ibiza no guhangana n’ingaruka zabyo, igaragaza ko u Rwanda ruhomba miliyoni 300$ (arenga miliyari 407 Frw y’ubu) nk’agaciro k’ingaruka zabyo z’ako kanya.

Muri raporo y’iyo nama, Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri MINEMA, Habinshuti Philippe agaragaza ko nk’iyo umwaka wagenze nabi ni ukuvuga ibiza byiyongereye cyane izo miliyoni 300$ zishobora kwikuba na gatatu.

Ni ibintu byumvikana kuko nk’ikirunga cya Nyiragongo ubwo cyarukaga mu 2021 kikazahaza Akarere ka Rubavu, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yakoze isuzuma y’ibyangijwe n’ibyo u Rwanda rwahombye n’ikiguzi bisangwa ko hangijwe ibifite agaciro ka miliyari 36,6 Frw mu gihe guhangana n’ingaruka z’icyo kibazo byasabaga miliyari 91 Frw nk’uko raporo ya MINEMA ya 2021 ibigaragaza.

Uretse ibyo Raporo ya Banki ya Afurika y’Amajyambere, BAD ya 2023 yagaragaje ko ibiza byabaye mu ntara z’Amajyaruguru, Uburengerazuba n’Amajyepfo muri Gicurasi 2023 byangije ibifite agaciro k’arenga miliyari 215 Frw.

Raporo ya MINEMA ijyanye n’uburyo ingaruka z’ibiza zitwara akayabo u Rwanda, yerekana uburyo ibikorwaremezo n’abantu baba bari mu kaga mu gihe byaba bibaye.

Mu gihe umutingito wabaye ibikorwaremezo by’ubuvuzi bingana na 52%, iby’amashuri 30% ndetse na kilometero 1211 z’imihanda biba biri mu byago byo kwangirizwa.

Abarenga miliyoni 1,5 bo mu Majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda na bo baba bari mu byago by’uko bashobora kugirwaho ingaruka n’iruka ry’ibirunga mu gihe nta cyaba cyakozwe ngo bamenyeshwe kare.

Muri iyo raporo hagaragazwa ko inkangu zishobora guturuka ku biza zishobora kugira ingaruka ku baturage bangana na 40%, ibikorwaremezo by’ubuvuzi bigera kuri 43%, amashuri 25% ndetse n’imihanda ingana na 45% y’iri mu gihugu.

Mu Rwanda kandi abaturage barenga ibihumbi 28 baba bari mu byago byo kuba bagirwaho ingaruka n’amapfa akabije aterwa no kuva kw’izuba igihe kirekire.

MINEMA igaragaza ko muri rusange ibikorwaremezo 100 by’ubwikorezi birimo imihanda, ibiraro n’ibindi biba biri mu byago byo kwangirizwa n’ibiza.

Ni mu gihe ubutaka buhingwa bubarirwa muri hegitari zirenga ibihumbi 15 buba buri mu byago byo kwangirizwa na byo, ibishobora inzara inuma mu gihugu mu gihe nta kintu cyaba gikozwe.

Ubutaka buhingwaho bugera kuri hegitari zirenga ibihumbi 15 buba buri mu kaga ko kwangirizwa n'ibiza

Icyakora u Rwanda bijyanye n’uko rutuye mu bice bishobora kuzahabwa n’ibiza rwakomeje gushyiraho ingamba zitandukanye, nko kwitagura guhangana na byo, ubukangurambaga n’uburyo abantu bashobora kumenya ibigiye kuba hakiri kare hanyuma bakaba bava ahabateza ibyago.

Ni ingamba zirimo no gushyiraho amabwiriza afasha mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo nk’amashuri, ibitaro, imihanda mu buryo bwihanganira imitingito n’ibyankwangirika hakangirika bike.

Bijyana kandi no gukora amasuzuma atandukanye y’ibyago bishobora guturuka ku mutingito mu Majyaruguru ashyira Uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuburira abantu mbere y’uko ibiza biba.

Icyo kuburira abantu mbere kiri no mu byashinzweho agati mu 2022 ubwo ibihugu bitandukanye byari bihuriye mu nama yigaga ku ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe COP27 yabereye i Sharm El Sheikh mu Misiri.

Icyo gihe hamuritswe umushinga wo gukwirakwiza uburyo butandukanye bwafasha abaturage kumenya ibiza bigiye kuba mbere y’igihe, aho ibihugu byiyemeje ko byibuze mu 2027 ibihugu byose bizaba bifite ubwo buryo.

Hagaragajwe ko hakenewe ishoramari rya miliyari 3,1$ kugira ngo ibikenewe ngo abaturage bamenyeshwe byibuze mu masaha 24 mbere y’uko ibiza biba byose byose biboneke.

Ni uburyo bw’ibanze bushobora gufasha kurinda ubuzima bw’abantu kuko nka Raporo y’Ishami rya Loni rishinzwe guhangana n’ibiza, UNDRR yakozwe mu 2022 mu Isi yose yagaragaje ko ibihugu bifite ubwo buryo bigabanya impfu zishobora guturuka ku biza inshuro umunani kurusha ibitabufite.

Herekanywe ko iyo abantu babwiwe ko hari ibiza bigiye kuba mbere y’ayo masaha 24 bigabanya ibyangirika ku rugero rwa 30%, hakagaragazwa ko gushora nka miliyoni 800$ muri ubwo buryo bwiganjemo ubw’ikoranabuhanga mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere bishobora kurengera ibifite agaciro kuva kuri miliyari 3$ kugeza kuri miliyari 16$.

Imibare ya MINEMA igaragaza ko mu Rwanda abantu benshi bahitanywe n’ibiza mu 2020 kuko bageze kuri 298, mu 2021 baragabanyuka bagera ku 116, ariko imibare yongera kuzamuka mu 2022 abahitanywe n’ibiza bagera kuri 205 na ho mu 2023 baba 243.

Imitingito ikunze kwangiza ibikorwaremezo

Ibiza byabaye mu Rwanda muri Gicurasi 2023 byasenye inzu z'abaturage mu Burengerazuba n'Amajyaruguru y'Igihugu

Iyo nzu yangirijwe n'umutingito wabaye mu 2021 mu Karere ka Rubavu

Ibikorwaremezo by'amazi n'imitungo y'abaturage mu biba biri mu kaga mu bihe by'ibiza