U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite amazi menshi kubera ibiyaga biri hirya no hino, imigezi n’inzuzi byose bifasha mu buryo butandukanye.

Muri rusange u Rwanda rubona imvura ibarirwa muri metero kibe miliyari 27,6 ku mwaka. Byiyongeraho ko ubuso bw’igihugu bungana na kilometero kare 1637 ari amazi.

Mu kiganiro cyihariye Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa w’Ikigo gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere w’Amazi, Nyirishema Richard yagiranye na IGIHE, yatangaje ko hari gahunda nyinshi zijyanye no kubika amazi kugira ngo uko igihugu gitera imbere, hajye haba hari amazi ahagije ashobora kwifashishwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye.

IGIHE: RWB ishinzwe amazi, itandukanira he na WASAC?

Nyirishema: Ikigo gishinzwe gucunga umutungo kamere w’amazi, RWB, cyatangiye mu myaka itanu ishize, gifite intego yo kureba ko dufite amazi ahagije mu gihe kirekire kugira ngo ubukungu bwacu bukomeze gutera imbere.

Hari inzego zitandukanye mu gihugu ziba zikeneye kwifashisha amazi, ubwo biba bisaba kureba niba ayo mazi turimo gushaka azaba ahagije kugira ngo ubwo bukungu tubashe kubugeraho.

Ikindi ni ukugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’imyuzure n’inkangu kugira ngo u Rwanda ruzashobore kugera ku cyerekezo 2050. Hari imyuzure tuba tureba cyane cyane mu bibaya ariko n’imusozi tuba dukwiye gufata ubutaka kugira ngo amazi atabutwara kandi tuzabukenera.

Kugira ngo tubashe kugera kuri izi ntego icya mbere ni ukurinda ahantu hugarijwe n’imyuzure, tuzi ko u Rwanda ari igihugu cy’imisozi miremire, ubwo hari n’ahantu amazi yikusanyiriza, ubwo ni ukuharinda no kugabanya isuri y’ubutaka ariko cyane cyane tukongera n’ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi y’imvura kuko dufite imvura nyinshi muri iki gihugu.

Richard Nyirishema yatangaje ko hakozwe byinshi mu kwita ku bubiko bw'amazi y'u Rwanda

IGIHE: Ni iki mwishimira cyagezweho mu myaka itanu ikigo kimaze?

Nyirishema: Muri iyi myaka itanu hagezwe ku bintu byinshi. Ntabwo twabigezeho nk’ikigo gusa kuko dukorana n’inzego zitandukanye na Minisiteri zitandukanye, icyo dufasha ni ihuzabikorwa ku bintu byose bijyanye n’umutungo kamere w’amazi.

Nk’ikigo gishya hari hakenewe ko dushyiraho igenamigambi ry’imyaka 10 ikigo kizagenderaho, ibyo turabifite, hari hasanzwe hari igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze y’umutungo kamere w’amazi, hari icyari kiriho cyo mu 2015 ariko twagisubiyemo kugira ngo tukijyanishe n’igihe.

Hakozwe igenamigambi ry’ibyogogo byose uko ari icyenda, hajyaho na komite zikurikirana uko iryo genamigambi rizakurikiranwa[...]. Hakozwe kandi uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga rigendera ku mashusho ya satellite bwo gukurikirana isuri mu gihugu. Ubwo ni ukugira ngo tube dufite ishusho itwereka ngo ni he tubona isuri, ni he hari ibyago byo kugira isuri ayo makuru yifashishwa n’abantu batandukanye igihe tuba dukeneye kugira imishinga ifata ibyogogo, twifashisha ayo makuru.

Ikindi hari igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze y’amazi yo mu biyaga, gikozwe vuba, ntabwo twari twakora ibiyaga byose ariko twashoboye gukora ku biyaga bitanu kugira ngo dufashe abantu bose biyambaza ibyo biyaga bamenye amazi bemerewe gukoresha, bayakoreshe ariko badacura izindi nzego ari ukuhira, korora amafi cyagwa ubukerarugendo.

Hari n’imishinga itandukanye no kubungabunga ibyogogo, hari ibyakozwe kuri Sebeya, tuzi ko Sebeya ari umugezi wagiye uteza ibibazo byinshi ubwo rero iyo tugiye gukemura ikibazo ntabwo tureba umugezi gusa ahubwo tureba imusozi aho amazi aturuka, ubwo ibyo byogogo byose byagiye bitunganywa, hari icyogogo cya Nyabarongo, Giciye-Shyira na cyo cyari gifite ibibazo, …

Kugira ngo iyo migezi yose dufite dushobore kuyibonera amakuru ahagije twashyizeho sitasiyo 79 ziri mu gihugu hose, ziduha amakuru ku ngano y’amazi ubwo ni ukuvuga ageze ku buhe butumburuke, ibyo rero ni igikorwa cyatangiye ariko dushobora kongeraho izindi zizadufasha kumenya amakuru ahagije ku migezi n’ibiyaga dufite mu gihugu.

Twashyizeho uburyo bwo gutanga impushya zo gukoresha amazi, ubundi nta bwari buhari umuntu wese wifuzaga gukoresha amazi ari umugezi, ari ikiyaga yarazaga agahita atangira gukora ariko ubu twashyizeho uburyo bw’uko babanza bagasaba uruhushya, tukareba niba amazi ahagije, niba afite ibipimo we yifuza bitewe n’icyo ashaka kuyakoresha.

Muri iyi myaka itanu rero tumaze gutanga impushya zigeze ku 1116, ariko ni igikorwa kizakomeza ku buryo abantu bose ari abayakoresha ubu ari n’abifuza kuyakoresha mu gihe kizaza babanza gusaba impushya.

Hari imishinga mishya iri kuza, nka Volcano Community Resilience Project, uzadufasha gukemura ibibazo biri muri kariya gace k’ibirunga, hari n’umushinga wo kubaka urugomero rwa Muvumba, ni igikorwa kinini ni na rwo rugomero runini dufite mu Rwanda, icyiza ni uko ruzaba rushobora gufasha inzego eshatu yaba ari ugutanga amazi yo kunywa, ubuhinzi no gutanga amashanyarazi.

Mukurikije ibipimo mufata, amazi mu Rwanda ariyongera?

Ibi bipimo biduha umunsi ku wundi uko imigezi igenda izamuka, igabanyuka mu mazi tuba dufite. U Rwanda ni igihugu twavuga ko gikungahaye ku mazi, ntabwo twajya kwigereranya n’ibihugu biri mu butayu, imvura dufite irahagije, imigezi n’ibiyaga dufite birahagije ariko bitewe na gahunda dufite yo guteza imbere igihugu birasaba ko ayo mazi tubona tuyabyaza umusaruro.

Bisaba ko dushyiraho ibikorwaremezo bidufasha kongera ububiko n’ibikorwaremezo bidufasha kuyageza ku bayakoresha haba ari ku bayanywa cyangwa mu buhinzi, ibyo bikorwa remezo rero ni byo bigena uburyo yadufasha kugera ku byo twifuza.

Navuga ko amazi ahari ariko hakenewe izindi mbaraga cyane cyane mu bikoresho kugira ngo ayo mazi ashobore kugezwa ku bayakeneye.

Ikiyaga cya Kivu ni cyo kinini mu Rwanda

Inyigo mwakoze y’imikoreshereze y’amazi y’ibiyaga iteye gute?

Iyo hakorwa inyigo ireba ibintu byose, ibanza kureba ubundi icyo kiyaga kiri hehe, gifite iyihe migezi yinjiramo, gifite amazi angana gute avamo kuko buriya kenshi dukunze kwibeshya ko ikiyaga gifite amazi menshi ariko burya amazi twita amazi ni ayinjira n’asohoka tukareba asigara. Ubwo rero hari ibiyaga usanga bifite amazi asa nk’atuje ariko bitakwemerera ngo uhafate amazi menshi uyajyane mu buhinzi kuko uramutse uyatwaye ya mazi aragabanyuka na cya kiyaga kikagabanyuka.

Icyo kintu cyo kumenya gusaranganya, ni amakuru dukunze gutanga mu nyigo tukavuga ngo niba ikiyaga gihuriweho n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi n’ubukerarugendo byose bikeneye amazi buri rwego rurafata amazi angana gute? Rero akenshi iyo ubihaye urwego rumwe ibyo bifuza ni uko amazi yose bayatwara ariko ukavuga ngo nibayatwara ba bantu baba bakeneye kuhatwara ubwato, kuhakorera ubukerarugendo, hari amazi nibura make aba akenewe kugira ngo n’abandi babyaze umusaruro icyo kiyaga cyagenewe.

Muri iyo nyigo dutanga uko amazi yasaranganywa, inzego zatezwa imbere kurusha izindi, hari aho usanga ikiyaga tuvuga tuti ubuhinzi ntibukwiye kujyaho, hakorwa ibikorwa byo kuhira ku butaka buto, bidatwaye amazi menshi nk’ayo tuba dukeneye mu guhinga umuceri cyangwa ibindi.

Ibiyaga byakorewe inyigo hari icya Kivu, Burera na Ruhondo, Muhazi na Mugesera ariko turateganya ko n’ibindi biyaga tuzabikorera inyigo nk’izo.

Amazi yo mu birunga yasenyeye abantu kenshi ubu muyacunga mute?

Hari byinshi byakozwe byo kureba uburyo twagabanya ubukana bw’ayo mazi aturuka mu birunga, muzi ko hagwa imvura nyinshi cyane. Ubwayo hejuru ntacyo hatwaye ariko aramanuka akajya mu baturage kandi muzi ko hariya hatuwe cyane. Ibyakozwe harimo kubaka ibizenga by’amazi, ni uburyo bwo gufata amazi akiri ruguru, yaba menshi agashobora gutinda ntamanukire icyarimwe.

Iyo ageze ku rwego runaka arabanza akanyura muri ibyo bizenga by’amazi noneho akamanuka ari make ku buryo atateza ibibazo. Ikindi ni uko hagiye hubakwa imiyoboro y’amazi ahantu hari imikoki kugira ngo amazi adasohoka ngo arenge asenyere abaturage cyangwa ajye mu mirima y’abaturage.

Hagiye hubakwa ibiraro byagutse kugira ngo bikore inshingano yo guhahirana ariko ugatanga n’inzira ihagije amazi agakomeza.

Umushinga Volcano Community Resilience Project waje ugamije gukemura ikibazo mu buryo burambye…ibyo bikorwa byo kubaka bizakomeza ariko duhereye cyane ku nyigo. Ikindi ni uko hazajyaho uburyo burambye bwo kuburira. Ni byiza ko tubimenya hakiri kare kuko amazi yo ntituzayabuza kumanuka, ariko tukabimenya hakiri kare, abafata ingamba harimo abaturage n’inzego z’ibanze bakaba bahawe amakuru ko mu gihe runaka hazaza amazi menshi kandi azagira ingaruka ku gace runaka.

Ubwo buryo numva ari bwo tuzashyiramo imbaraga kuko uwo mushinga uzarangira mu 2029, twumve ko uzaba ukemuye ikibazo gihari cy’amazi yo mu birunga ntihazagire umuturage uzongera guhura n’ibibazo bitewe n’ayo mazi.

Umugezi wa Sebeya waratunganyijwe ku buryo ubu utagira abaturage usenyera

Umugezi wa Sebeya wamamaye kubera umwuzure uteza abawuturiye, bigeze he utunganywa?

Kuri Sebeya hari ikibazo cy’imvura nyinshi, hari imisozi ihanamye noneho haranatuwe cyane, kandi uko abantu bagiye batura bagiye begera aho amazi anyura, ubwo rero uko wegera amazi ni ko uyima inzira igihe yabaye menshi bikakugiraho ingaruka kurushaho.

Hari ibiza byinshi byagiye biba ariko icya nyuma duheruka ni icyo muri Gicurasi 2023, aho habaye imyuzure, inzu ziragenda, bihitana abantu n’ibikorwa remezo birangirika.

Hari ibyakozwe byo kubakira aho amazi anyura ariko noneho ibyiyongereyeho nyuma y’icyo kiza cya 2023 hubatswe ingomero aho amazi ataragera mu baturage, aho rumwe rufite ubushobozi bwo kubika metero kibe miliyoni 4,5, bivuze ko amazi uko yaba ari menshi kose aba afite ahantu agomba kubanza gutinda ntamanukire icyarimwe epfo aho umugezi urangirira na wo utagira ingaruka.

Hari icyo twita ‘lateral dike’ na bwo ni nk’uburyo bwo kugomera na cyo cyubatswe, nticyari gihari mbere, ikindi hari umuyoboro uyobora amazi [diversion channel] na wo wubakiwe kuko ayo mazi yose yagendaga arenga, hagenda hubakwa n’izindi nkuta noneho kuko iyo ugiye ukareba hariya za Mahoko, za Nyundo hari inkuta zirinda ko amazi arenga akajya mu baturage.

Mu mibare iyo turebye iyi myuzure ya Sebeya yagize ingaruka ku ngo zirenga 748 ariko iyo turebye ibikorwa byamaze kubakwa bisa nk’aho byakemuye icyo kibazo ku rugero rwa 94%. Ni ukuvuga ngo hari ingo zigeze kuri 704 zirinzwe, zitazagirwaho ingaruka n’ayo mazi.

Icyo gice kindi gisigaye ni ibikorwa bizakomeza kubakwa kugira ngo tube tuzi neza ko abaturage bose barinzwe Sebeya ntawe izasubira kwangiriza.

Mu ntara y’Iburasirazuba hari ibiyaga byinshi. Kuki bakigorwa no kubona amazi yo kunywa no kuhira imyaka?

Iyo ari ahantu h’imirambi nk’uko dukunze kubibona mu Burasirazuba amasoko agenda aba make ariko ntibibuza ko tuyagira, agenda aba make nk’uko tuyabona ariko Imana tugira ni uko tugira n’ibiyaga n’inzuzi, nini hari Akanyaru, Akagera, Umuvumba, ariko ayo mazi haba hakenewe kumenya uburyo akoreshwa.

Hari ikintu tujya twibeshyaho iyo tubonye dufite ibiyaga tukumva ko dufite amazi yo gukoresha ariko iyo tugiye mu buhinzi bukoresha amazi menshi ku buryo iyo ubonye ikiyaga runaka, ayo mazi akoreshejwe mu kuhira ari hegitari nyinshi haba hari ibyago by’uko ayo mazi akama kuko biterwa n’amazi yinjira mu kiyaga n’ava mu kiyaga.

Igihe rero amazi ava mu kiyaga aruse ajyamo kirakama. Ni yo mpamvu kenshi ibyo biyaga bidakunze kwiyambazwa mu kuhira imyaka ahantu hanini cyane kuko biba bidafite n’amazi menshi yinjira muri icyo kiyaga.

Ariko kimwe mu bisubizo bihari ni uburyo bwo kongera ububiko bw’amazi cyane cyane twifashishije imigezi kuko yo aba ari amazi ahoraho aturuka n’ahandi noneho tugasa nk’aho tuyifashe ayo mazi tukayabika akadufasha ubu ariko akazanadufasha igihe hari ibibazo by’izuba amazi yabuze.

Kimwe mu byakozwe ni umushinga wa Muvumba, uzaba ufite amazi yakuhira hegitari zirenga 9000 ibikorwa remezo nibimara kujyaho.

Harakorwa iki ngo ingomero zibika amazi yifashishwa mu mirimo itandukanye zirusheho kwiyongera?

Hari ukongera umubare w’ingomero no gusana izishaje, icyo ni kimwe mu bisubizo bishobora kudufasha kugira amazi ahagije turebye umuvuduko w’iterambere turiho n’ibyo bisabwa, hari ugushora imari mu kubaka ingomero nshya.

Umubare dufite ni ukubaka ingomero 39, turifuza ko uko zizubakwa ari ko zizajya zikemura ikibazo hagendewe no ku mazi akenewe.

Hari kandi gushyiraho uburyo buhamye bwo gufata amazi no kuyabika. Ibyo rero tuvuga ntabwo ari ku ngomero gusa, tunareba no mu ngo uburyo bwo kubika amazi y’imvura hari icyo afasha iyo wubatse ikigega cy’amazi, hari ibigega by’amazi usanga ingo zingahe zisangiye, uko tugenda dufata ayo mazi ni ko atugirira akamaro.

Ntidukwiye gutegereza ingomero nini, yego na zo zirakenewe ariko twebwe aho dutuye turashishikariza abaturage n’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze gufata amazi no kuyabika.

U Rwanda rufite imigezi myinshi ishobora kwifashishwa habikwa amazi azakoresha mu gihe kizaza