Gutwika imirambo hashize imyaka icumi byemewe mu mategeko y’u Rwanda ariko ababyitabira ni hafi ya ntabo kuko mu muco nyarwanda bitarumvikana neza.
Abashyigikiye ko byatangira gukoreshwa, bagaragaza ko aribwo buryo bwiza budasaba ubutaka bunini, kandi ntibuhende abasigaye nkuko bigenda ku marimbi asanzwe.
Impaka zirakomeje ndetse bigaragara ko zidateze kurangira ubu. Ikituzinduye ubu ni ugusubiza iki kibazo: Ubundi aho gutwika imirambo bimenyerewe, bigenda gute?
Inzobere mu mateka zigaragaza ko igihe gutwikira imirambo byatangiriye kitazwi neza, gusa bivugwa ko nko mu bihugu nk’u Bushinwa, byatangiye gukorwa mu myaka ya 8000 mbere ya Yezu, nubwo hirya no hino ku Isi byatangiye kwamamara mu mwaka wa 3000 mbere ya Yezu.
Bivugwa ko byahereye mu Burayi, bigakomereza mu Burasirazuba bw’Isi mu bihugu bya Aziya, bikabona gukwira ahandi.
Mu bihugu bigendera ku migenzo ya gikristu, ntabwo gutwikwa imirambo byari byemewe nko muri Kiliziya Gatolika n’ahandi, keretse ababaga bapfuye bafatwa nka ba ruharwa mu bujura, ubwicanyi n’ibindi. Nyuma iki gikorwa cyakomeje gukorwa hirya no hino mu Burayi kugeza ubwo mu kinyejana cya 20, gutwika imirambo mu madini ya gikristu bitangiye kwemerwa.
Umuntu wapfuye mbere yo gutwikwa, bitewe n’imyememerere y’uwitabye Imana cyangwa se umuryango we, hari ubwo imihango yo kumusezeraho ibanza igakorwa mbere yo gutwika umurambo.
Ibyo ni ukuvuga kumukorera ikiriyo, kumusabira mu rusengero, kumusezerano bwa nyuma n’ibindi. Hari n’aho bikorwa nyuma amaze gutwikwa, byose biterwa n’amahitamo.
Mu bihugu uwo mugenzo wo gutwika umurambo umaze kumenyerwa, haba hari amafuru batwikiramo imirambo hirya no hino mu gihugu cyangwa se mu bice birimo amarimbi. Igihugu kigomba kuba gifite amategeko agenderwaho mu gutwika umurambo mbere yo kwemerera umuntu gutanga iyo serivisi.
Iyo byose birangiye umurambo ushyikirizwa abashinzwe gutwikwa imirambo bakabanza gushyikirizwa icyangombwa cyatanzwe n’inzego za Leta cyemeza icyahitanye uwo muntu.
Umurambo urasuzumwa, bakabanza kureba niba nta byuma uwo mubiri ufite nk’imikufi, impeta n’ibindi bishobora guturika mu gihe cyo gutwika umurambo. Ibyo byose babikuramo.
Bitewe n’imyemerere, umurambo ushobora gutwikwa wambaye imyenda cyangwa se nta myenda.
Iyo igenzura rirangiye, umurambo winjizwa mu cyumba cyabugenewe gitwikirwamo imirambo cyangwa se ifuru. Ntabwo byemewe ko icyo cyumba cyinjizwamo umurambo urenze umwe.
Icyo cyumba kiba kirimo ubushyuhe buri ku kigero cyo dogere Celsius ziri hagati ya 600 na 1000, umurambo ugatangira gutwikwa.
Iki gikorwa cyose kimara nk’amasaha atatu, hagasigara icyakwitwa nk’ivu nubwo mu buryo nyabwo aba atari ivu, ahubwo aba ari ibice by’amagufa ku buryo bisaba kuyanyuza mu yindi mashini iyasya neza, kugira ngo ahinduke nk’ifu.
Ikigo cyo mu Busuwisi cyizwiho gutwika imirambo, Lonité, gitangaza ko ibisigazwa by’umurambo watwitswe ku mugabo biba bipima ibilo bigera kuri 2.7 mu gihe ku mugore aba ari ikilo 1.8
Mu gihe ivu ry’uwatwitswe rimaze kuboneka, rirayorwa rigashyirwa mu gikoresho cyabugenewe rigahabwa umuryango we cyangwa se rikabikwa mu nzu zishyingurwamo bitewe n’icyo umuryango wemejwe.
Hari n’abarisaba bakajya kuribika mu ngo zabo, kurinyanyagiza mu mirima yabo aho nyakwigendera yakundaga cyangwa bakarijugunya mu mazi magari.
Nubwo gutwika imirambo ari umugenzo ugenda ukwira hirya no hino ku Isi, hari imyemerere igihari itemera uyu mugenzo. Nk’idini ya Islam, ntabwo gutwika umurambo byemewe keretse mu gihe cy’icyorezo kandi nabwo bikabanza kwemezwa n’umuyobozi w’idini.
No mu madini menshi ya gikrisitu, gutwika umurambo ntabwo ari ibintu byemerwa cyane kubera imyemerere y’uko umubiri wavuye mu gitaka, ariho ugomba gusubira.
Imyumvire y’abantu ku byo gutwika umurambo nayo igenda ihinduka bitewe n’ibihugu. Nko mu Bwongereza, 34,70% nibo bemeraga ibyo gutwika imirambo mu 1960 ariko byaje kwiyongera kugeza ubwo mu 2015, abantu 75,44% aribo babyemeraga.
Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika naho abantu benshi bahitamo gutwika imirambo y’ababo kurusha kubashyingura mu marimbi.
Ibiciro byo gutwika umurambo bigenda bisumbana bitewe n’ibihugu ndetse n’ireme ry’ikigo cyatanze iyo serivisi. Icyakora, hagaragazwa ko gutwika umurambo bihendutse cyane kurusha gushyingura.
Nko mu Bwongereza, gutwika umurambo w’umuntu mukuru bitwara amapawundi ari hagati 500 na 3000. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika igiciro cyo hasi ni uguhera ku 650$.
Bamwe mu bantu bakomeye batwitswe harimo nk’umuhanga mu bugenge Albert Einstein, John F Kennedy wahoze ari Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Margaret Thatcher wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Bwongereza, Umuraperi Tupac Shakur n’abandi.
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