Ni ku nshuro ya 33 uyu munsi wizihizwa, aho washyizweho n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu 1992. Muri rusange, ibihugu birenga 100 bikora ku nyanja, mu gihe hejuru ya 90% by’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bunyura mu nyanja.

Muri make, inyanja ni umutima w’ubuzima bw’abatuye Isi, nubwo ibikorwa bya muntu birimo imyanda ya pulasitiki bikomeje kubangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima biri mu nyanja.

Tugiye kurebera hamwe ibintu bitanu bidasanzwe ku nyanja.

1. Inyanja zigize 71% by’ubuso bw’Isi

Inyanja zigize 71% by’ubuso bw’Isi, zikiharira hejuru ya 97% by’amazi yose ari ku Isi. Ahantu kure hazwi mu nyanja ni mu birometero 11 by’ubujyakuzima, bikekwa ko habata ubuzima.

Mu nyanja kandi habamo amoko menshi y’ibinyabuzima, bimwe muri byo usanga bitazwi cyane n’abantu kuko batagize amahirwe yo kubikoraho ubushakashatsi.

Tukiri ku bushakashatsi, ubukorerwa mu nyanja ni bumwe mu buke buhari ku Isi, aho usanga hari byinshi bitazwi ku miterere n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima biri mu ndiba y’Isi.

2. Inyanja ni ingombyi y’ubuzima

Bitekerezwa ko inyanja icumbikiye nibura hagati ya 50% na 80% by’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima biri ku Isi. Impamvu umubare utazwi neza ni uko hari ibimenyetso byagiye bigaragaza ko mu nyanja harimo ibindi binyabuzima, ariko bikaba bitaremezwa mu buryo budasubirwaho.

Ibimera biba mu ndiba y’inyanja bigira uruhare rudasanzwe mu kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kuko bitunga nibura 25% by’ibinyabuzima byose biba mu nyanja, nubwo byihariye 0.1% ubuso bw’inyanja muri rusange.

Icyakora hejuru ya 50% by’ibi bimera bimaze kwangirika kuva mu 1990, ahanini bigizwemo uruhare n’ubushyuhe bw’amazi y’inyanja bwakomeje kwiyongera.

Ku rundi ruhande, nibura 33% by’ahantu hazwi kuba amafi menshi ku Isi, hakorerwa uburobyi burengeje urugero, ibigira ingaruka ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima mu nyanja kuko bituma ibindi binyabuzima bitungwa n’amafi bigirwaho n’izo ngaruka.

3. Inyanja igabanya ubushyuhe ku Isi

Inyanja zifata 30% by’umwuka ya CO2 ituruka ku Isi, mu gihe inafata hejuru ya 90% y’ubushyuhe burengeje ikigero gikenewe ku Isi. Nk’ubu mu myaka irenga 150 ishize, ingano ya acide iri mu nyanja yiyongereyeho 30%.

Ibi bituma abantu tugira ubuzima bwiza, ariko ni ikibazo ku binyabuzima byo mu nyanja, kuko CO2 nyinshi ituma acide yo mu nyanja yiyongera, bikagenda uko no ku bushyuhe.

Mu bice bimwe na bimwe, ibi byatangiye kugira ingaruka zirimo igabanuka ry’amafi, aho usanga umusaruro wayo waragabanutseho hejuru ya 20%.

4. Inyanja idufasha guhumeka

Nibura hagati ya 50% na 80% bya oxygen abantu bahumeka, ikomoka mu nyanja. Inyanja itanga oxygen nyinshi ku Isi kurusha amashyamba, atanga ingana na 28%.

Ibi bigirwamo uruhare na ’phytoplankton’ yakira urumuri rw’Izuba ikaruhinduramo umwuka wa oxygen, ikawohereza mu kirere, tukawuhumeka.

Gusa ’phytoplankton’ itanga umusaruro neza iyo amazi y’inyanja adashyushye cyane, kandi amazi y’inyanja ari kurushaho gushyuha buri mwaka. Ibi bituma ingano ya ’phytoplankton’ ibishobora kuzagira ingaruka zikomeye ku ngano ya oxygen iri ku Isi mu myaka iri imbere.

Abashakashatsi bavuga ko nubwo ’phytoplankton’ yagabanukaho 1% gusa, ingaruka byagira ku Isi zaba ari nyinshi.

5. Inyanja ni urutirigongo rw’ubukungu bw’Isi

Uretse kuba inzira inyuzwamo hejuru ya 90% by’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, inyanja ihishemo ubukungu bufite agaciro karenga miliyari 1500$, bushingiye cyane ku burobyi, ubukerarugendo n’ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi.

Abantu barenga miliyari eshatu babona ibyo kurya kubera inyanja, aho nk’uburobyi bukorerwa mu nyanja, butanga 17% bya protein zose zikoreshwa ku Isi.

Ku bihugu bito nka Maldives, usanga hejuru ya 30% by’umusaruro mbumbe wose uturuka mu nyanja.