Ibi byakozwe cyane muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo ndetse n’Iy’Amajyaruguru, aho ibi bikorwa bigirwamo uruhare n’ingabo za Leta, bikagera ubwo Abanyamulenge bashimangira ko ibiri kubakorerwa ari jenoside.

Mu kiganiro na IGIHE, Umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, ndetse akaba n’Umuyobozi w’Ikigo gishinzwe gukemura amakimbirane muri iyo kaminuza, Dr. Aggée Shyaka Mugabe, yagarutse ku bibazo byugarije Abanyamulenge.

IGIHE: Ihohoterwa rikorerwa Abanyamulenge ryatangiye gute?

Dr. Aggée Shyaka Mugabe: Abanyamulenge ni Abanyecongo batuye mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Ababita Abanyarwanda bashingira ku muco wabo. Bafite umuco nk’uw’Abanyarwanda, benshi muri bo bakomotse mu Rwanda, bavuga Ikinyarwanda, ngira ngo ni ho bashingira bakunda kubita ko ari Abanyarwanda.

Iyo bihuye n’imiyoborere mibi yagiye iranga kiriya gihugu, benshi bumva ko kuba bavuga Ikinyarwanda, batagomba kuba Abanye-Congo. Ntabwo bireba Abanyamulenge bonyine, bireba n’abandi bavuga Ikinyarwanda bo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, muri rusange navuga cyane cyane Abatutsi ko ari bo bavangurwa, bagafatwa nk’Abanyarwanda.

N’igihe babonye imyanya yaba mu gisirikare no muri politiki, abandi babifata nk’amahirwe, nk’abagiriwe impuhwe bagahabwa icyo batari bakwiriye kubona. Ntabwo ari byo, ni abaturage nk’abandi, aho baba barakomotse hose, uko baba basa kose, icy’uko bagaragara, uko basa, abahezanguni ntabwo babemera nk’Abanye-Congo.

Iyo haje abanyepolitiki b’ibihahiranda, badafite ikindi bakoze bashobora kugeza ku baturage, bagomba gushaka ibyo bakoresha kugira ngo bibonere abaturage, cyane ko mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo hatuye abaturage benshi.

Ni aho bihera rero, ni umuco umwe, ururimi n’amateka. Congo yabaye igihugu Abanyamulenge bariyo, cyari igihe abantu bimukaga hirya no hino muri Afurika. Congo ihana imbibi n’ibihugu icyenda, ugiye muri ibyo bihugu byose, usanga hari abaturage bari muri Congo, bafite umuco wo mu gihugu bituranye kubera uburyo imipaka yagiye ikatwa, batitaye ku muco, batitaye ku masano y’imiryango n’amateka.

Iri hohoterwa rimaze igihe kingana iki?

Iri hohoterwa ryatangiye cyane cyane ahagana mu ntambara za 1964. Hari intambara y’abitwa ba Mulele. Mulele yakomokaga mu Ntara ya Bandundu (baje gucamo ibice byinshi).

Yashatse amashyamba atangiriramo urugamba rwo kurwana na Leta y’icyo gihe, abikorera mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo ari kumwe n’abandi benshi. Bageze aho batangira kurya inka z’Abanyamulenge bashaka uko babaho, ariko cyane cyane basa nk’ababahana babaziza ko Abanyamulenge bakomeje kuba ku ruhande rwa Leta.

Ihohoterwa ryatangiye muri iyo myaka, ariko uko imyaka yagiye iha indi, byagiye biba bibi kurushaho, cyane cyane hariho abayobozi bakomoka muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, barimo uzwi nka Nzuluni Mbembe wo mu bwoko bw’Ababembe.

Mu ntangiriro za 1990 habayeho Inama yahuje Abanye-Congo, iyobowe na Laurant Musenga wari Musenyeri, icyo gihe abavuga Ikinyarwanda ntibemerewe kwinjira muri iyo nama, bababwira ko atari Abanye-Congo, batagomba kugira uruhare mu biganiro biganisha ku kubaka igihugu.

Bageze aho bahindura itegeko ritanga ubwenegihugu bahereye ku bihe bitandukanye abantu benshi bagiye bagera muri Congo. Icyo gihe babikoraga babigambiriye, uko impunzi zagiye ziva mu Rwanda, ni ko bahinduraga amategeko, bagashaka kubahuza n’abahunze ejo bundi.

Ariko mu by’ukuri baba Abanyamulenge, baba abandi bavuga Ikinyarwanda bo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, bose ni abantu batanze Congo kugera hariya.

Hari amakuru avuga ko iri hohoterwa ryafashe ubukana muri iyi minsi, nibyo?

Muri iyi minsi bimeze nabi cyane. Kuva muri Mata, 2017, ubwicanyi bwafashe undi muvuduko utewe n’uko abaturage babyitabiriye, ndetse byageze aho amoko aturanye n’Abanyamulenge, nk’Abafurero, atangira gukwa imbunda. Ibyo byatumye intwaro zikwirakwira mu baturage, batangira gushinga amatsinda yitwaje intwaro, bashyira hamwe, batangira gutera Abanyamulenge.

Kuva icyo gihe ntabwo birahagarara. Ibitero biheruka ni ibyo mu Ukuboza, hagati ya 25 na 27. Ubwo abandi bari barimo kwizihiza Noheli, Abanyamulenge bo bari barimo kwicwa.

Bashyizeho n’imitwe ya Mai-Mai utabara (myinshi), urebye Raporo za Kivu Security Barometer, zigaragaza ko bafite imitwe irenga 200, ikorera hamwe, ishaka kwica uwitwa Umututsi wese.

Twagiye tubona amakuru y’abantu bicwa bakaribwa. Nka Major Kaminzobe, yiciwe mu Rweba, mu 2021. Bamuvanye mu modoka ari kumwe n’umuyobozi we mu gisirikare, bamwicira imbere ye banamurira imbere.

Si ubukana bwiyongereye gusa, ubugome bwabaye bwinshi, ntabwo twari dusanzwe tubona Abanye-Congo barya abantu, ubu basigaye babikora kuri camera.

Si ukwica gusa, ahubwo baranasenye. Nka Minembwe, abahasigaye bose barasa nk’abari mu nkambi kuko aho bari batuye hirya no hino mu misozi aho bari banyanyagiye, ibitero byaturukaga impande zose, bahitamo kwishyira hamwe ahantu hameze nk’ikambi, kandi ari ku butaka bwabo.

Ibi bihita byorohereza imitwe yitwaje intwaro ifatanyije n’ingabo za Leta kuko bakorera hamwe. Babatera babasanze hamwe, badafite ubushobozi bwo guhangana na bo.

Ni ubwicanyi bufite isura ya jenoside kuko ni ubwicanyi bwibasira itsinda rimwe ry’abaturage ba Congo. Ndetse urebye no mu masomo yerekana uko jenoside zikorwa n’uko zitegurwa, ubona ibintu byinshi bigaragaza ko ari ubwicanyi bUgamije kurimbura abo bantu.

Kurandura imyaka, ni uburyo bwo kugira ngo wicishe abantu inzara, uwo utabashije kwicisha umuhoro cyangwa imbunda, ahunge.

Kubatwikira, kubamaraho amatungo, ibyo byose ni uburyo bukoreshwa kugira ngo n’udapfuye, ahunge.

Kayumba Nyamwasa aherutse kuvuga ko nta hohoterwa rigikorerwa Abanyamulenge. Wabyakiriye ute?

Ni ubutumwa bwatunguranye kuko umuntu wigeze kuyobora Ingabo z’u Rwanda, wagombye kuba azi amateka y’aka karere, yavuze ibintu bihabanye n’ukuri.

Kuvuga ko ibibazo by’Abanyamulenge byakemutse mu 1998, bihabanye n’ukuri. Nk’ubu hejuru ya 80% by’ahari hatuwe n’Abanyamulenge muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, harasenywe. Hari ahantu habaye amashyamba, hadaheruka abantu kuko babamaze. Utarapfuye yarahunze.

Kuvuga ko hari abasirikare b’Abanyamulenge bari mu myanya ikomeye, barahari ariko iyo badafite imbaraga z’ubwirinzi, usanga bishwe n’abo bakorana. Hari urugero rwa Major Kaminzobe, hari na Lt Kabongo wiciwe i Goma mu Mujyi mu mwaka ushize. Bamwishe inzego z’umutekano zireba, baramutwika kugeza ashizemo umwuka. Hari n’abandi benshi bagiye bicirwa aho basanzwe bakorera.

Kuba bari mu ngabo ntibituma icyaha cy’inkomoko kibavaho, nta nubwo babizera. Ibyo Kayumba yavuze ni nko gukora mu gisebe, yaradutonetse. Ariko umuntu yatekereza ko akoreshwa, ntabwo yasohoka ngo apfe kubivuga, wasanga afite izindi nyungu… sinzi niba avanamo amafaranga cyangwa ikindi, ariko guhakana ko umuntu atakiri kwicwa, mu gihe ubwicanyi bwafashe indi ntera, ni ugushyigikira abarimo kwica Abatutsi bo muri Congo.

Amagambo nk’ariya agira izihe ngaruka?

Afite ingaruka mbi kuko ari ugupfobya, kandi ibyo ni ugutiza umurindi abari kwica Abanyamulenge. Ni inkunga yahaye abahezanguni bamaze iyi myaka yose bica Abanyamulenge.

Ikindi, abadafite amakuru y’ukuri [bashobora kumwizera] iyo bivuzwe n’umuntu wigeze kugera kuri ruriya rwego rw’ubuyobozi, byanavangira ubuvugizi buri gukorwa kuko hari abashobora kumwizera, bakumva ko asobanukiwe akarere bitewe n’inshingano yigeze kugira.

Bifite izo ngaruka z’uko hari abo byarindagiza, bikanavangira igikorwa cy’ubuvugizi kimaze imyaka gikorwa.

Mwakiriye gute kuba M23 yarafashe Umujyi wa Goma?

Ikibazo Abanyamulenge bafite, ni na cyo kibazo bene wabo Abatutsi bo mu Majyaruguru bafite. Icyo bazira ni kimwe, ubahiga ni umwe, ingengabitekerezo yo kubarimbura ni imwe, akarengane, kutemerwa no kuvutswa uburenganzira, ni kimwe. Iyo rero M23 ifashe Goma, ubutumwa bitanga ni icyizere. Icyizere cy’uko habonetse umutabazi, icyizere cy’uko bashobora kongera kubaho mu ituze.

Ariko ntabwo barwanira gusa uburenganzira bw’Abatutsi, bigomba gusobanurwa neza. Abatutsi ni bo bahigwa, ni bo bicwa iyi myaka yose, ariko na none hari n’abandi Banyecongo bababaye kubera imiyoborere mibi. M23 iba irwana ishaka guhindura imiyoborere ya kiriya gihugu kugira ngo abaturage bose bagire uburenganzira bungana, ntabwo irwanira guhesha uburenganzira Abatutsi ngo basumbe abandi, ntabwo ari byo.

Bitanga icyizere cyo kongera kubaho, icyizere cy’uko abantu babana mu mahoro, bataryana, basenyera umugozi umwe, bahugiye mu bikorwa bibateza imbere, aho guhora bahunga birukanka imihanda yose bashakisha aho bapfunda imitwe.

Ni ikintu gikomeye, ariko na none Abanyamulenge aho bari ni kure ya Goma. Icyizere cyazamuka cyane mu gihe M23 yaba igeze n’aho batuye kuko izi neza ko ari rimwe muri ayo matsinda ashaka kurimburwa n’aba-Mai-Mai ku bufatanye n’inzego za Leta kuko hari abanyepolitiki bakwirakwiza imvugo zihembera urwango nka Bitakwira Justin wafatiwe ibihano n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, kubera ko imvugo akoresha zihembera urwango kandi bizwi.

Intambara ya M23 ntiyatumye urugomo rukorerwa Abanyamulenge rwiyongera?

Ni byo kandi biteye impungenge nyinshi cyane cyane ko Leta yasutse abasirikare benshi i Minembwe. Ubu Minembwe yabaye nk’inkambi (concentration camp) nka za zindi Abayahudi bashyirwagamo igihe Jenoside yabakorerwaga mu Burayi.

Hari abasirikare benshi cyane, aho mperukira hariyo batayo esheshatu. Iyo urebye ahatuwe uko hangana, kubica byakoroha cyane, kereka bagize ubutabazi babona, M23 ikaba yahagera, igahuza imbaraga n’abaturage ikaba yabasha kubarindira umutekano nk’abandi bose.

Ariko ndabisubiramo nshimangira ko M23 itarwanira uburenganzira bw’igice kimwe cy’abaturage. Irarwanya akarengane gakorerwa igice kimwe cy’abaturage

Utekereza ko ibiganiro na Leta ya Kinshasa bishobora gutanga igisubizo ku bibazo byanyu?

Ubundi intambara zose zirangizwa n’ibiganiro, nta kindi cyarangiza biriya bibazo kitari ibiganiro. Dukeneye ibiganiro byimbitse, ibiganiro bikora ahababara, ku burenganzira bw’abo bantu bamaze imyaka myinshi bavangurwa, bicwa, bazizwa uko Imana yabaremye.

Ibyo kugira ngo bishoboke, bisaba ubushake bwa politiki, sintekereza ko hari n’ikindi cyashoboka. Ibiganiro byo ni ngombwa ndetse ntekereza ko nubwo Perezida Tshisekedi yakomeje kubyihunza, akanita M23 umutwe w’iterabwoba, biriya ni uburyo bwo kwanga kwicarana na bo kugira ngo ikibazo gikemurwe binyuze mu nzira za politiki kandi gikemurirwe mu mizi.

Impande zose ni ngombwa ko zigira ubwo bushake, mu biganiro hagashakirwa umuti w’icyo kibazo.

Perezida Tshisekedi akomeje kwinangira, byagenda bite?

Iyo ibiganiro byanze, hakoreshwa intambara, ni yo mpamvu M23 yabayeho. Ni uko iyo mvugo y’amahoro n’ibiganiro, Perezida Tshisekedi arasa nk’utayumva, kandi igituma atayumva ni uko yagiye yinjiza ingabo nyinshi mu gihugu, zimuha icyizere ko azatsinda binyuze mu ntambara.

Ariko umuntu udafite ukuri, ibyo yaba afite byose, uko yaba angana kose, bizarangira atsinzwe natemera ibiganiro, kandi ingero dutangiye kuzibona.

Ufite icyizere cy’uko ibyo Perezida Tshisekedi amaze kubona byatuma yemera ibiganiro?

Azemera kubera igitutu ariko ntabwo azaba abyemejwe n’ubushake bwa politiki bumukomokamo. Azemera kubera igitutu cy’imbunda n’igitutu cy’amahanga.

Yakomeje kwizera ingabo nyinshi yari yararunze muri Congo, yumva ko afite amaboko n’ibikoresho bihambaye, akumva ko azatsinda intambara, ariko ibyo byose ntabwo byarasa ukuri.

Kutarasa ukuri rero bivuze ko umuzi wateye ikibazo uzakomeza gukura, nubwo uyu munsi bitarangira, icyo kibazo kizongera kigaruke. Ushaka gukemura ikibazo, uvanaho imizi kugira ngo impamvu yateraga ikibazo iveho irangire.

Ufite icyizere ko Tshisekedi yemeye ibiganiro, yanashyira mu bikorwa ibyemeranyijwe?

Icyizere kiri hasi cyane kuko n’ubundi iyi M23 yashibutse ku masezerano atarubahirijwe, bivuze ko ubwo bushake bwa politiki nta buhari. Sinzi niba Tshisekedi azi uburemere bw’inshingano ze, ku buryo waganira n’abantu mufitanye ikibazo, uzi neza ko utazabishyira mu bikorwa.

Uruhurirane rw’ingabo zifasha Congo rugira uruhe ruhare mu kwenyegeza intambara?

Bifite uruhare ruremereye cyane. Icya mbere, bituma Tshisekedi atemera ngo ajye kuganira kuko yizeye ayo maboko yose amuzengurutse. Kumva ko azakemuza ikibazo imbaraga, ni cyo cyamutindije kwemera ibiganiro kandi uko atinda kwemera ibiganiro, ni ko ibyangirika biba byinshi. Byatumye aheza inguni.

Ikindi ni uko bariya barwanyi bose, bazahasiga ziriya ntwaro. Ibyo bizatuma havuka indi mitwe ishaka kwirwanaho, imbunda zizenguruke mu baturage ndetse n’ubwicanyi bube bwakwiyongera mu mijyi kuko abaturage bagura imbunda byoroshye.

Icya gatatu ni uko bariya basirikare n’abacanshuro, bagiye bafata abana b’abakobwa bakabasambanya, hari imiryango yasenyutse kubera bo. Hari ubwomanzi bugenda buhinduka ikintu gisanzwe, wibuke ko agace kamazemo intambara igihe kinini, abantu benshi ni abakene cyane. Ibyo bituma bitabira imyitwarire idahwitse irimo ubusambanyi, ubwo kenshi bijyana no kwiyongera kw’indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.

Ku rwego rw’akarere, hari raporo nyinshi z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zigaragaza ko urwo ruhurirane rw’izo ngabo nyinshi zikorana na FDLR, ibyo bikaba bivuze ko hazakomeza kubaho ikintu cyo kubaho kw’abarwanya Leta y’u Rwanda, ntekereza ko ari ko bizanagenda ku barwanya Leta ya Uganda, ADF cyane cyane.

Kuba FDLR irwanira mu ngabo za Congo, ndetse hano hafi y’imbibi z’u Rwanda, ni ikintu cyatewe inkunga n’iyo mitwe yose n’izo ngabo zaje hariya.

Ni ingaruka zirenze imbibi za Congo, zizagera ku Rwanda, zigere ku Burundi, zigere ku bindi bihugu by’aka karere. Ntabwo mbyifuza ariko ni ko mbibona, kuko bafitanye imikoranire ya hafi.

Ubona ari iki gituma umuryango mpuzamahanga udashaka kumenya ukuri ku bibera mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo?

Ukuri barakuzi ariko ntibagushaka, harimo inyungu z’ibihugu n’abantu ku giti cyabo. Hari ba rwiyemezamirimo bungukira mu ntambara, ba rusahurira mu nduru badafite inyungu na busa ko kariya karere gatekana.

Congo ni isoko ry’intwaro zabo, bafite inganda bakeneye aho bacuruza. Ikindi Congo ikungahaye ku mabuye y’agaciro, barashaka ayo masoko.

Umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, ndetse akaba n’Umuyobozi w’Ikigo gishinzwe gukemura amakimbirane muri iyo kaminuza, Dr. Aggée Shyaka Mugabe, yagarutse ku bibazo byugarije Abanyamulenge