Izi nyandiko zitiriwe umujyi wa Herculaneum bivugwa ko zari zaratwikiriwe n’amahindure y’ikirunga cya Vesuvius mu mwaka wa 79 nyuma y’ivuka rya Yezu (BC). Ibikubiyemo bikomeje gutahurwa hifashishijwe ubwenge buremano n’irindi koranabuhanga.

Aba bashakashatsi, bashingiye ku byo ikoranabuhanga ryaberetse, bagaragaje ko basanze Plato yarashyinguwe mu busitani bw’ibanga bwegereye ibibumbano by’abantu biri mu kigo ‘Platonic Academy’ cyashinzwe n’uyu muhanga mu mujyi wa Athens.

Iki kigo cya Plato cyashinzwe mu 387 mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu, risenywa n’umunyagitugu w’Umuromani, Général Sulla mu 86 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu (abantu babaraga imyaka basubira inyuma).

Prof. Graziano Ranocchia uri muri aba bashakashatsi, kuri uyu wa 30 Mata 2024 yatangarije televiziyo CNN ko byari bisanzwe bizwi ko Plato yashyinguwe muri iki kigo, ariko ko bitari bizwi niba ari muri ubu busitani.

Izi nyandiko zagaragaje uko byari bimeze mu ijoro Plato yapfiriyemo mu 348 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu, kandi ngo “amanota aryoshye” yacurangiwe ubwo yari ku gitanda yari aryamyeho ntabwo yayakunze.

Prof Ranocchia yasobanuye ko aya manota yacuranzwe n’umucakara w’umugore wakomokaga muri Thrace, wageragezaga kumushimisha mu ijoro rye rya nyuma, ariko ngo Plato yari yarembejwe n’umuriro watumye ataryoherwa.

Yagize ati “Yari afite umuriro mwinshi. Yabihiwe n’umuziki yacurangirwaga.”

Inyandiko za Herculaneum bivugwa ko zari iza Sebukwe w’umutegetsi Julius Caesar. Zishyira umucyo ku makuru avuga ko Plato yagurishijwe nk’umucakara mu mwaka wa 399 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu, nyuma y’aho umuhanga Socrates apfiriye ku kirwa cya Aegina cyari kimaze gufatwa n’aba-Spartans muri 404.

Ubu bushakashatsi mu 2021 bwatewe inkunga n’akanama k’umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi gashinzwe ubushakashatsi, ERC, ingana na miliyoni 2,5 z’amayero. Byateganyijwe ko buzamara imyaka itanu.

Izi nyandiko za kera ziri gusomwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga n'ubwenge buremano