Iri huriro ry’inyeshyamba ririmo imitwe itandukanye, ariko ukomeye muri yose ni uzwi nka ’Hayat Tahrir al-Sham’ bivugwa ko wahoze ufitanye imikoranire ya hafi na Al Qaeda, uretse ko imitwe yombi yaje gushwana ihagarika imikoranire.

Harimo kandi inyeshyamba bivugwa ko zishyigikiwe na Turukiya, nyinshi zikaba zarahakoreye imyitozo kuva mu myaka itanu ishize intambara yari imaze isa nk’icecetse.

Amakuru avuga ko ubwo izi nyeshyamba zatangiraga igitero, Ingabo za Syria zasubiye inyuma zihunga, ku buryo izi nyeshyamba zafashe Aleppo nta mirwano ikarishye ibayeho. Abaturage benshi bagaragaje akanyamuneza, birara mu mihanda bavuza amahoni bishimira ko uyu mujyi uvuye mu maboko ya Leta.

Nyuma gato, izi nyeshyamba zahise zigana kuri gereza ikomeye muri uyu mujyi, zifungura imfungwa zose zari zirimo, aho benshi bavugaga ko bamaze imyaka myinshi bafunzwe ariko bataburana, abandi bakagaragaza ko bafunzwe mu buryo budakwiriye.

Izi nyeshyamba kandi zafashe ibigo bya gisirikare byari muri uyu mujyi ndetse n’ububiko bw’intwaro nyinshi, byose bikazakomeza kubafasha guhangana na Leta ya Syria iyobowe na Bashar Al-Assad.

Nubwo ubuyobozi bukuru bwa Syria butaragira icyo buvuga kuri iyi ntambara, amashusho yakwirakwijwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga yerekana intwaro ziremeye n’ingabo nyinshi zerekeza mu bice by’Amajyaruguru ya Syria, bigakekwa ko zigiye guhangana n’izi nyeshyamba.

Ku rundi ruhande, u Burusiya, ari nabwo mufatanyabikorwa wa mbere wa Perezida Bashir, bwatangaje ko bwiteze ko ibintu biri busubire mu buryo mu gihe gito, ndetse amakuru avuga ko bwagerageje gukoresha indege mu kurasa ku nyeshyamba ariko bikarangira ibi bitero bidahinduye ibintu ku rugamba.

Mbere y’uko izi nyeshyamba zifata Aleppo, zabanje gufata Umujyi wa Idlib, ari naho zasanze indege z’intambara karundura z’u Burusiya zikabarasaho urufaya rw’ibisasu ariko izi nyeshyamba zikanga gusubira inyuma.

Amakuru avuga ko Perezida Biden yatunguwe n’ubushobozi bw’inyeshyamba, nubwo uruhare rwa Amerika rutagaragajwe mu buryo butomoye. Ku rundi ruhande, izi nyeshyamba zigambye iki gitero mu gihe Perezida Bashir Al-Assad ari mu Burusiya, aho agomba kubonana na Perezida Vladimir Putin.

Izi nyeshyamba zafunze ikibuga cy’indege ndetse abantu barenga 30 bamaze kugwa muri iyi ntambara yamaze igihe gito cyane.

Syria; igihangange cyapfuye gihagaze

Syria ni igihugu cya kera cyane, aho kiri mu bya mbere byagize imijyi ifatika yatuyemo abantu benshi. Nk’ubu amateka agaragaza ko Damascus, Umurwa Mukuru wa Syria, watangiye guturwa mu myaka iri hagati y’ibihumbi umunani n’ibihumbi 10 ishize, ndetse ukagaragaramo ibisigazwa by’inyubako zubatswe mu myaka ibihumbi icyenda ishize.

Benshi bawufata nk’umujyi wa mbere ukuze kurusha indi yose, mu mijyi igituwemo n’abantu magingo aya ndetse unagaragara mu bitabo by’iyobokamana nka Bibiliya, aho uvugwa mu gitabo cy’Intangiriro.

Iyi Aleppo iri mu maboko y’inyeshyamba magingo aya, ni umujyi watangiye guturwa mu myaka ibihumbi bine ishize, aho wagize uruhare runini cyane mu koroshya ubucuruzi hagati ya Aziya, Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati ndetse na Afurika.

Gusa nubwo Syria yigeze kugira ijambo rikomeye ku Isi, magingo aya ni igihugu cyabaye itongo mu buryo bwuzuye nyuma y’intambara yagisegeshe imyaka 13 yose.

Kugeza ubu iki gihugu nta ngabo zifatika kigira, aho gikoresha cyane abarwanyi b’imitwe itandukanye irimo Hezbollah ndetse n’igisirikare cy’u Burusiya gikunze gukoresha indege za gisirikare, uretse ko kinafite ingabo muri Syria.

Ikibazo gikomeye gihari ni uko izi mpande zombi nazo zitorohewe. Kuva mu 2018, Iran yatangiye gusubiza Hezbollah muri Liban nyuma y’uko yari imaze gutsinsura inyeshyamba zari zototeye Damascus.

Uyu mutwe, ku bufatanye n’u Burusiya n’ingabo za Iran, cyane cyane abayobora urugamba, wagize uruhare rufatika mu kuvana inyeshyamba muri Aleppo mu 2016.

Nyuma y’intambara, wasubije abarwanyi bawo benshi muri Liban, mbere y’uko winjira mu ntambara karundura na Israel yatangiye umwaka ushize. Iyi ntambara yatumye n’abarwanyi ba Hezbollah bake bari basigaye muri Syria, basubira muri Liban.

Gusa icyo Iran yakuye muri izi ntambara zo muri Syria ni yabonye inzira ikoresha mu kugeza ibikoresho by’intambara kuri Hezbollah iherereye muri Liban, ndetse ibi biri mu bituma Israel yarongereye ibitero igaba muri iki gihugu, cyane cyane nyuma yo kwinjira mu ntambara na Hezbollah ndetse na Hamas.

Kubura abarwanyi ba Hezbollah ni ikibazo kuri Perezida Bashir, cyane ko igisirikare cye nta mbaraga zo kumurinda kigifite dore ko ari nke, zikaba zidafite ibikoresho n’imyitozo bihagije byatuma zirwana igihe kirekire, hakiyongeraho gufatwa nabi, guhembwa nabi n’ibindi bibazo uruhuri bizugarije.

Ku rundi ruhande, ingabo z’u Burusiya nazo zimaze iminsi zaragabanyije ibikorwa byazo muri Syria, ahanini bitewe n’intambara yo muri Ukraine aho u Burusiya bukeneye gushyira imbaraga nyinshi, zaba izo mu rwego rw’abasirikare n’ibikoresho.

Kenshi u Burusiya butanga ubufasha bw’ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’ubwo kurasisha indege z’intambara. Icyakora buba bukeneye ubufasha bw’abarwanyi bahita bajya ku rugamba nyuma y’uko burashe ku mwanzi agasubira inyuma cyangwa agacika intege, cyane ko bufite ingabo nke muri Syria, zitabasha kurwanira ahantu hanini mu butayu buri mu majyaruguru y’igihugu.

Ako kari akazi ka Hezbollah, gusa mu gihe nayo iri ku rundi rugamba rwayisegeshe bikomeye, birumvikana ko muri Syria hasigara icyuho.

Imibare ya Perezida Putin itangiye kuba imvange

Benshi mu bakurikirana iby’ikibazo cya Syria bemeza ko iki cyari igihe cyiza cyane cyo kongera kubyutsa umugambi wo gukuraho Perezida Bashir Al-Assad. Impamvu ni uko nta maboko afite kuko nta ngabo zihambaye zisigaye mu gihugu, gusa ku rundi ruhande, ibi binagamije gufasha izindi ntambara ziri kubera ahandi. Ahakomeye hakaba muri Ukraine.

Aha niho Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika iziramo. Muri iyi minsi ya nyuma ya ku butegetsi, Perezida Joe Biden yashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu gutera inkunga Ukraine ku rugamba, aho yanayemereye kurasa imbere mu Burusiya ikoresheje intwaro za Amerika ziremeye.

Kimwe mu byo yifuza gikomeye, ni uko ingabo z’u Burusiya zifatanyije n’iza Koreya ya Ruguru, zitakwigera zisubiza agace ka Kursk k’u Burusiya ariko kagenzurwa n’Ingabo za Ukraine magingo aya.

Impamvu ni ukugira ngo umunsi impande zombi zagiye mu biganiro, ibyitezwe ku ngoma ya Donald Trump wamaze guca amarenga ko atazakomeza gutera inkunga Ukraine, nibura Ukraine izabe ifite icyo ivugiraho, bityo izagire icyo ikura mu biganiro by’amahoro, wenda yemere gusubiza Kursk ari uko nayo isubijwe ibice yambuwe.

Icyakora u Burusiya nabwo burifuza kwigarurira aka gace mu gihe gito gishoboka, ndetse bwateguye ingabo zirenga ibihumbi 50 zizahagaba ibitero simusiga mu minsi iri imbere.

Gusa nubwo u Burusiya buhanganye n’ibiri kubera muri Ukraine cyane, ku rundi ruhande ntibwifuza gutakaza Syria kubera impamvu eshatu. Iya mbere ni uko kugeza ubu bwamaze kuyitangaho byinshi kandi inyungu zabwo zose zikaba zishingiye kuri Perezida Bashir Al Assad.

Kumureka akava ku butegetsi bivuze ko inyungu zose u Burusiya bugamije muri Syria, aho bufite ibirindiro bya gisirikare, zishobora kuyoboka.

Ku rundi ruhande, Syria indorerwamo u Burusiya bukoresha bwereka abandi bayobozi impamvu bakwiriye kubwiriza, kuko bufite ubushobozi bwo kubarinda aho rukomeye, kabone nubwo ibihugu bikomeye nka Amerika byaba bibarwanya.

Ibi bireba cyane abayobozi barimo abo mu bihugu bya Afurika baherutse guca umubano n’ibihugu by’u Burayi bakajya ku ruhande rw’u Burusiya. Uburyo iki gihugu cyarinze Perezida Bashir utagira ingabo, ni ikimenyetso cy’uburyo cyarinda n’undi muyobozi wacyizera, ibituma benshi mu bayobozi bashobora kwemera imikoranire n’u Burusiya.

Bityo gutakaza Perezida, byaba ari igisebo ku Burusiya, bikaba bishobora no gutuma abandi babutera icyizere.

Impamvu ya gatatu ijyanye n’urugamba muri Ukraine. Magingo aya, u Burusiya ntiburi gufata ibice binini nk’uko byahoze mu bihe byashize, ndetse igitutu gikomeje kwiyongera imbere mu gihugu.

Kumva ko u Burusiya bwatsinzwe muri Syria, ahantu bumaze igihe kandi bwubatse ibikorwaremezo bifatika, bishobora guca intege abasirikare muri Ukraine n’abaturage, ibi nabyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka zitari nziza kuri Perezida Putin.

Niyo mpamvu benshi bemeza ko u Burusiya butari bwicare ngo burebere, ahubwo buri bushyire imbaraga nyinshi mu gusubiza ibintu ku murongo, kuko budashobora kwihanganira guhomba Syria na Perezida Bashir Al Assad.

Amakuru avuga ko mu masaha 72 ari imbere, u Burusiya buri bwongere ibikoresho bya gisirikare muri Syria, bikavugwa ko hari n’abasirikare batangiye gutegurwa kugira ngo bajye gufasha mu gihe inyeshyamba zakomeza kwerekana ubukare nk’ubwo zerekanye zifata Aleppo.

Icyakora ku rundi ruhande, gushyira imbaraga mu kurinda Perezida Bashir bivuze ko izikoreshwa muri Ukraine zigomba gusaranganywa ahantu habiri, ibishobora kugira ingaruka ku ntambara yo muri Ukraine.

Ibi biri kuba kandi mu gihe ubukungu bw’u Burusiya buri kunyura mu bihe bikomeye muri iyi minsi, cyane ko ifaranga ryataye agaciro ugereranyije n’idolari ndetse ibiciro ku masoko bikaba biri kuzamuka ubutitsa, naho abakozi bakaba ari iyanga mu nzego z’ingenzi mu bukungu bw’igihugu nk’ubwubatsi.

Igituma ibintu birushaho gukomera ku Burusiya ni uko bigoye ko Hezbollah yakwemera kohereza abarwanyi muri Syria. Nubwo uyu mutwe uherutse kwemera agahenge mu ntambara yawo na Israel, ntabwo wakora ikosa ryo kwimura abarwanyi kuko Israel ishobora gukoresha ayo mahirwe mu kuwugabaho ibitero byawurindimura kurushaho.

Ku rundi ruhande, Hezbollah iri mu bihe bigoye cyane byo kwiyubaka. Kuva uyu mutwe washinjwa ahagana mu 1982, ibitero uherutse kugabwaho na Israel nibyo bikomeye byawugizeho ingaruka zidasanzwe kuko uretse gusenya ibikorwaremezo byawo, wanatakaje abayobozi hafi ya bose bakuru.

Ni nyuma y’uko wari watakaje abayobozi benshi bayobora imirwano, mu gitero Israel yagabye ku byombo bakoresha mu itumanaho.

Magingo aya, amakuru avuga ko Iran itera inkunga Hezbollah, iri gushyira imbaraga mu kongera kubaka ubuyobozi bw’uyu mutwe ndetse no kuwushakira ikoranabuhanga rikomeza kuwufasha mu itumanaho, mu gihe ibi byose bikorwa ari nako ugomba kuvugurura ibijyanye n’ibikorwaremezo nk’ububiko bw’intwaro bwasenywe, kugira ngo wongere wisuganye bifatika.

Mu gihe cy’amavugurura nk’ayo, biragoye ko Hezbollah yayakora irimo no kurwana intambara ku butaka bwamahanga.

Amakuru avuga ko ibihe bigoye Hezbollah iri kunyuramo, ari byo byatumye yemera agahenge, ariko ikaba igomba kugakoresha yisuganya, cyane ko byitezwe ko Donald Trump azongera inkunga Amerika igenera Israel, kugira ngo irushaho guhangana n’uyu mutwe ndetse na Iran.

Biden ubyina avamo aracyatera imigeri

Niba rero u Burusiya butakwitega kubona inkunga y’abarwanyi ba Hezbollah, uretse ko nabyo bishoboka cyane ko u Burusiya bukorana bya hafi na Iran igenzura uyu mutwe, bivuze ko bishoboka ko bwabaga bukifasha muri Syria.

Niyo mpamvu benshi bemeza ko Amerika, ifatanyije na Israel ndetse na Turukiya, biri inyuma yo kongera kubyutsa umutwe kw’izi nyeshyamba.

Benshi mu barwanyi bari basanzwe bari muri Syria, ariko abandi bari basanzwe batuye muri Turukiya, aho bivugwa ko baherewe imyitozo karundura ya gisirikare, cyane ko n’umugambi wo kugaba igitero kuri Aleppo wari umaze imyaka irenga ibiri uvugwa n’abayobozi b’iyi mitwe.

Icyo Perezida Biden agamije, ni uguca intege u Burusiya kuko bushobora kutemera kureka Perezida Bashir ngo agende gutyo gusa, kandi Amerika ikaba ibizi neza ko Hezbollah itari mu mwanya mwiza wo kurwana, bityo u Burusiya buzabaga bukifasha.

Gutatanya imbaraga bizatuma hari icyo u Burusiya bugabanya ku mbaraga buri gukoresha muri Ukraine, bityo amahirwe yo gufata agace ka Kursk agabanuke, ari nacyo Biden yifuza.

Uku gutatanya imbaraga kandi bishobora no gutuma mu by’ukuri u Burusiya butarinda Bashir neza, bityo bikarangira nawe avanywe ku butegetsi. Kuri Amerika, ibi byaba bimeze nka rya buye rimwe ryatewe rigafata inyoni ebyiri.

Perezida Bashir Al-Assad ni umugabo w’imyaka 59, wagiye ku butegetsi ku myaka 35 gusa akaba abumazeho imyaka 24, dore ko yicaye kuri iyo ntebe mu 2000.

Ubu butegetsi yabugiyeho asimbuye se, Hafez al-Assad, witabye Imana amaze imyaka 30 ku butegetsi, aho muri rusange, umuryango we umaze kuyobora Syria mu gihe cy’imyaka 54 yose. Muri make, aba bagabo babiri bayoboye Syria imyaka 54 muri 78 imaze ibonye ubwigenge.

Uretse no gutegeka igihe kirekire, uyu muryango wakunze gutungwa urutoki cyane cyane ku bijyanye no gufata abenegihugu nabi, rimwe na rimwe abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bakarenganwa n’ibindi nk’ibyo.

Ibibazo bya ruswa n’imiyoborere nabyo ntabwo byatumaga abaturage bishimira aba bayobozi, aho babashinja kugira igihugu akarima kabo. Byageze ejo bundi mu 2011 ubwo hatangiraga impinduramatwara mu bihugu byinshi by’Abarabu, Abanya-Syria nabo begura ibyapa bajya mu mihanda.

Kaminuza ya Aleppo ni imwe mu zabereyemo imyigaragambyo ya mbere ikomeye, itinyura abandi baturage nabo batangira kwigaragambya. Bitandukanye n’ibindi bihugu, abaturage ba Syria ntabwo babashije gukura Perezida Bashir ku butegetsi, ahanini kubera ubufasha bw’u Burusiya na Iran.

Umujyi wa Aleppo ni umwe mu mijyi ikomeye yafashwe n’inyeshyamba rugikubita, kuko zawugenzuye kuva mu 2012 kugera mu 2016 ubwo ingabo z’u Burusiya zinjiraga ku rugamba mu buryo bufatika zigasubiza inyuma inyeshyamba ndetse zigasubiza Aleppo mu maboko y’ingabo za Syria.

Kuva icyo gihe, nibwo bwa mbere inyeshyamba zongeye kugaba igitero karundura muri iki gihugu, by’umwihariko kuri uyu mujyi wa Aleppo wahoze utuwe n’abarenga miliyoni ebyiri mbere y’intambara, aho wahoze ari wo mujyi utuwe kurusha indi yose muri Syria.

Syria; itongo rikwiriye kuba isomo ry’ahazaza

Intambara imaze imyaka irenga 13 muri Syria yasize icyo gihugu gihungabanye ku buryo bizasaba imyaka myinshi cyane mu gusana ibyangijwe. Mbere y’intambara, abagera kuri miliyoni 23 bari batuye muri Syria, ariko magingo aya abagera kuri miliyoni 13 barahunze, barimo miliyoni 6,5 bahungiye mu gihugu imbere abandi bahungira hanze yacyo.

Abaturage barenga ibihumbi 500 barishwe, abandi barenga miliyoni 1,5 barakomereka, harimo n’abafite ibikomere n’ubumuga bazabana nabyo igihe cyose basigaje ku Isi.

Umusaruro mbumbe w’ubukungu bwa Syria wabarirwaga mu miliyari 60$ mu 2010, ubukungu bukazamuka ku mpuzandengo ya 5% ku mwaka. Magingo aya, uyu musaruro mbumbe wagabanutseho 90% ugereranyije, aho abaturage barenga 70% ari abashomeri, abandi 80% bakaba munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene.

Muri rusange, ubukungu bwa Syria bwahombye arenga miliyari 1000$ ndetse urugendo rwo gusana ibyangijwe muri rusange, ruzatwara imyaka itari munsi ya 20.

Ibiciro ku masoko byazamutseho 100% mu mwaka ushize, mu gihe hafi ya buri muturage wese akenera ubufasha bwo kubona ibiribwa n’ibindi byangombwa. Inzego z’uburezi, ubuzima n’izindi nk’inkiko zimaze igihe zidakora neza, mu gihe kubona serivisi z’inzego z’ibanze byabaye amateka.

Kenshi abaturage bagakoresha imiryango yabo mu kwikemurira ibibazo.