Mu myaka ya za 2000 ni bwo ibihugu bya Afurika byatangiye kuyoboka u Bushinwa bijyanye n’uko ari cyo gihugu cyonyine cyagombaga kubiha inguzanyo nta mananiza nk’uko ibindi bihugu cyangwa ibigo byabigenzaga.

Izo nguzanyo zahawe ibihugu bya Afurika 49 aho zatangwaga na Guverinoma y’u Bushinwa nk’igihugu cyangwa zikanyuzwa mu bindi bigo by’imari bitandukanye.

Iyo raporo ije mu gihe Afurika n’u Bushinwa bigiye guhurira mu nama yiga ku iterambere ry’impande zombi no kwiga ku buryo izo nguzanyo zakomeza kwishyurwa byoroshye.

Angola, Ethiopia, Misiri, Nigeria na Kenya ni byo byihariye inguzanyo nini y’u Bushinwa na cyane ko bihuriye ku mishinga imwe n’imwe ikomeye nk’ijyanye no kubaka imihanda ya gare ya moshi.

Umwaka ushize u Bushinwa bwahaye Afurika miliyari 4,16$, bituma uwo mugabane ubarura inguzanyo nini wahawe mu mwaka umwe n’u Bushinwa mu myaka itanu yari ishize.

Inguzanyo nyinshi u Bushinwa bwayitanze binyuze muri gahunda yayo izwi nka ‘Belt and Road Initiative,BRI’ yo kubaka ibikorwa remezo hirya no hino ku Isi, aho kuva yatangira mu 2013 u Bushinwa bwashoye miliyari hafi 120$ mu bihugu bya Afurika binyuze muri BRI.

Icyakora ubwo buryo bujyanye no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bya Afurika u Bushinwa bubigizemo uruhare rwa mbere bwakunze kunengwa cyane.

Abahanga mu by’ubukungu babugaragaza nk’ubwo u Bushinwa bukoresha mu kugusha ibihugu bya Afurika mu mutego w’imyenda itazabasha kwishyura vuba.

Byaturukaga ku bihugu byahuraga n’ibibazo by’imyenda ihanitse, aho nka Ethiopie, Zambia na Ghana mu 2021 byagaragajwe nk’ibidashoboye kwishyura iyo myenda, bikaba ngombwa ko yongera kuvugururwa hashyizwemo ubworoherezwe.

Ikindi ni imishinga yagiye idindira nk’umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wo muri Kenya, wagombaga gutwara arenga miliyari 3,8$, bigatuma hagarukwa kuri gahunda ya BRI, inengwa ko yiyemeza ibyo itazasohoza.

Kuri iyi nshuro u Bushinwa bwaje mu isura nshya, aho bwiyemeje uburyo bwo guha amafaranga nk’ibigo by’imari na byo bikayatanga ku babigana mu buryo bwo kwirinda kuyaha ibihugu mu buryo butaziguye, akabibera umutwaro uremereye, kwishyura bikananirana.

Mu mwaka ushize u Bushinwa bwatanze inguzanyo 13 ziganga na miliyari 4,16$ zirimo iya miliyari 1$ yatanzwe na Banki y’Amajyambere y’u Bushinwa iyiha Nigeria mu kubaka umuhanda wa gare ya moshi n’indi ingana uko iyo banki yo mu Bushinwa yahaye Banki Nkuru ya Misiri.

Arenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’inguzanyo u Bushinwa bwatanze mu mwaka ushize, ni ukuvuga miliyari 2,59% yahawe ibyo bigo by’imari na byo bikazajya bitanga ayo mafaranga ku babigana akanagaruzwa mu buryo bworoshye.

Ni uburyo iki gihugu cya kabiri ku Isi mu bikize cyafashe kugira ngo bicyorohere no kwishyuza, bitandukanye no mu myaka yabanje aho inguzanyo bwari bwahaye ibigubu bya Afurika ingana na 5% ari yo yanyujijwe mu mabanki gusa.

Raporo ya Kaminuza ya Boston irakomeza iti “Ibigo bitanga inguzanyo byo mu Bushinwa kuri Afurika biri kwibanda ku guha inguzanyo ibigo by’imari byo kuri uwo mugabane mu guhangana na bya bibazo by’inguzanyo iremerera ibyo ibihugu kwishyura.”

Imwe mu mishinga mishya u Bushinwa bwatanzemo inguzanyo mu buryo bushya bwo kuzinyuza mu mabanki irimo uwa miliyari 20$ wo kubaka gare ya moshi no gucukura amabuye y’agaciro muri Guinée.

Harimo n’uwo kubaka impombo zitwara amavuta muri Uganda na Tanzania uzatwara miliyari 5$, uwa miliyoni 400$ ujyanye no kwinjiza muri Niger ibikomoka kuri peterori n’indi.

Mu minsi ishize kandi Zambia yatangaje ko muri iyo nama ihuza Afurika n’u Bushinwa hazasinywa amasezerano y’ishoramari ryo kubaka umuhanda wa gare ya moshi wa Tazara ufite ibilometero 1870, uzatwara miliyari 1$, ugahuza Zambia na Tanzania.

Uzubakwa mu bufatanye n’abikorera aho kuba inguzanyo izatangwa n’u Bushinwa igahabwa Zambia nk’igihugu.

Uretse gufasha ibihugu bya Afurika kwihaza ku bikorwa remezo, binavugwa ko u Bushinwa bushaka kubyutsa umushinga wabwo wa kera uzwi nka ‘Silk Road’, uzayifasha gukomeza kuba igihagange mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi, kuko na bwo buzakoresha ibyo bikorwaremezo mu nyungu zabwo z’ubucuruzi.

Inguzanyo u Bushinwa bwahaye Afurika nka guverinoma mu muryo busanzwe, ha handi umuntu aguha inguzanyo ukazamwishyurana inyungu ndetse mu bihe runaka, yavuye kuri miliyoni 98,7$ mu 2000 igera kuri miliyari 28,8$ mu 2016.

Ibyo byatumye buba kimwe mu bihugu bifitiwe umwenda mwinshi na Afurika kurusha ibindi.

Kugeza ubu Angola ni yo ifitiye umwenda munini u Bushinwa ungana na miliyari 17$, ungana kimwe cya gatatu cy’inguzanyo yacyo yose ituruka hanze.

Mu 2023 u Bushinwa bwari bumaze kuguriza Afurika miliyari 182.28$ mu myaka 23 yari ishize