Ku rundi ruhande, mu myaka ya vuba abagore barushijeho kujya mu isanzure inshuro nyinshi, cyane cyane mu bushakashatsi. Mu 1992, ni bwo bwa mbere mu isanzure hagiye umugore n’umugabo bose bari basanzwe ari abashakashatsi, bituma benshi bibaza uko basunitse iminsi muri ibyo bihe bari ahitaruye rubanda.

Amatsiko yo kumenya uko abantu bikiranura n’umubiri mu isanzure yarushijeho gukaza umurego ejo bundi ubwo umugore Sunita Williams uzwi nka Suni n’umugabo Barry Wilmore uzwi nka Butch bagaruka ku Isi nyuma y’iminsi 286 bari bamaze mu isanzure, nyamara baragombaga kumarayo gusa iminsi umunani, ariko bagatenguhwa n’icyogajuru cya Starliner bari barimo.

Aba bombi nta misiyo yihariye bari bafite mu isanzure, bivuze ko bamaze icyo gihe cyose badafite akazi kenshi ko gukora. Nubwo nta rukundo ruri hagati yabo, benshi bakomeje kwibaza niba hari ukuntu baba barigenje, cyane ko bamaze igihe kinini cyane bari kumwe kandi n’ubundi 60% by’abantu bagirana umubano wihariye, cyangwa bakifuza kugirana umubano wihariye n’abo bakorana, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bubyerekana.

Icyakora na mbere yo kwibaza ku by’aba bashakashatsi, ikibazo nyamukuru ni ukumenya niba binashoboka ko abantu bari mu isanzure bagira uko bigenza, rugahana inkoyoyo iyo mu Ijuru.

Iyi ni ingingo Ikigo cya Amerika gishinzwe iby’Isanzure, NASA, cyakunze kutavugaho cyane, ndetse amakuru akavuga ko bibujijwe ku bakozi bacyo kuvuga ku bijyanye n’imibonano mpuzabitsina mu isanzure.

NASA ngo yanze kuvuga kuri iyi ngingo cyangwa se kugaragaza ubushakashatsi bwayikozeho, mu rwego rwo kurengera abashakashatsi bayo n’imiryango yabo, gusa ubu mu isanzure ntihakijyayo abashakashatsi gusa, ndetse abaturage basanzwe bajyayo baziyongera mu myaka iri imbere. Ibi biri mu mpamvu NASA ikomeje gushyirwaho igitutu kugira ngo ivuge kuri iyi ngingo.

Icyakora amakuru ahurizwaho na benshi, ni uko bishoboka ko abashakashatsi bari mu isanzure, bashobora kwihina mu mbere bakiha akabyizi, gusa nk’uko byumvikana, hari imbogamizi nyinshi.

Icya mbere, umuntu uri mu isanzure, kure ya rukuruzi y’Isi, aba adafite imbaraga zo kuguma ahantu hamwe, ahubwo acunze nabi aba ashobora kuguruka, akazengera hejuru kuko aba ari kure ya rukuruzi y’Isi.

Ikindi ni uko ibintu byose biba bimeze gutyo mu isanzure, nk’urugero niba umuntu abize ibyuya, ntabwo bishoka ku mubiri nk’uko bisanzwe, ahubwo nabyo bishobora kuzengera mu kirere, ibishobora gutuma gusukura ahamaze kubera iki gikorwa bishobora kugorana.

Ku rundi ruhande, ibijyanye no kwishikana biragoranye mu isanzure kuko nyine nta rukuruzi iba ihari, bivuze ko ushobora gucunga nabi, ukishika mugenzi wawe nabi hakangirika byinshi.

Mu isanzure, nta bwogero busanzwe bubayo, ahubwo abashakashatsi bakoresha ibitambaro byabugenewe, bibafasha kwikuraho imyanda irimo ibyuya, cyane ko bategekwa kumara amasaha abiri nibura bari mu bikorwa bya siporo, mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko amagufa n’imikaya yabo yagira ibibazo.

Gusa ibi byose bishobora kubonerwa ibisubizo, kuko hari ibyumba bito aba bashakashatsi baryamamo, bikaba ari ibyumba bishobora kwakira abantu babiri bicaye begeranye cyane, ari naho bikekwa ko abiha akabyizi bahurira.

Ku rundi ruhande, buri gikorwa cyose kibera mu isanzure kiba kiri kugenzurwa n’abari ku Isi. Umushakashatsi uri mu isanzure aba acungirwa hafi ku buryo n’iyo amize amacangwe bimenyekana, ubwo sinshaka kuvuga ibyo kwiherera n’ibindi.

Muri make, n’iyo hagize ujya mu mbere akagira uko yigenza, icyo gikorwa nacyo kiba kiri kumvikana mu ikoranabuhanga ry’abari ku Isi. Andi makuru kandi avuga ko hari igihe cyigeze kubaho, abashakashatsi bari mu isanzure bakicyinisha.

Umwe mu bashakashatsi mu byo mu isanzure, Mike Mullane, yanditse igitabo yise ’Riding Rockets’, aho asobanura uburyo mu ijoro rye rya mbere ari mu isanzure, yakangutse agasanga igitsina cye cyafashe umurego ku rwego rudasanzwe, ndetse ngo binarenze uko byajyaga bimugendekera akiri ku Isi.

Gusa abashakashatsi mu by’ubuzima bagaragaza ko ibi bidakunze kumara igihe kirekire kuko uko umuntu atinda mu isanzure, ari nako amagufa ye n’imikaya bitakaza ubushobozi, bikagenda byoroha cyane. Muri make, gutera akabariro mu isanzure bishobora gukurura ibyago ku buzima bw’abari mu gikorwa, mu gihe hatabaho kwigengesera gukomeye.

Icyakora nanone, burya ngo ni byiza kwigira ku nyamaswa. Umushakashatsi mu isanzure, Umudage Ulrich Walter, yigeze kuvuga ko mu gihe mu isanzure hariyo abantu barenze babiri, bashobora gufashanya muri icyo gikorwa, umuntu wa gatatu agafasha abandi babiri bari kwiha akabyizi abegeranya kugira ngo badatandukana cyane, neza neza nk’uko amafi ya dolphins abigenza.

Humura rero, umunsi abantu twatangiye kwimukira kuri Mars, nk’uko Elon Musk ahora abirota, ushobora kuzaba uri kumwe n’uwawe, mwarambirwa n’urugendo rurerure mugasaba akanya, mukegera hirya gato mukagira uko mwigenza.

Ni ugusenga Imana ikoranabuhanga rikazarushaho kunoza iby’iki gikorwa.