Abakuru b’ibihugu nka Gen Mamadi Doumbouya wa Guinee-Conakry na Emmerson Mnangagwa bo bamaze gufata rutemikirere berekeza i Beijing, nk’uko byemejwe n’ibiro byabo.

Umuyobozi w’ishami ry’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’iterambere (UNCTAD), muri Afurika, Diane Sayinzoga, abona hari ibikwiye kwibandwaho cyane muri iyi nama.

Mu byo Sayinzoga yakomojeho, harimo icyorezo cy’Ubushita bw’Inkende kiri kwibasira ibihugu byo muri Afurika cyane cyane Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, amadeni aremereye ndetse n’ishoramari ku mpande zombi.

Ibi byose yabivugiye mu kiganiro yagiranye na Jeune Afrique cyasohotse mu buryo bw’inyandiko kuri uyu wa 31 Kanama 2024.

Jeune Afrique: Ni ibihe by’ingenzi bizaganirirwa muri iyi nama?

Sayinzoga: Nyuma y’imyaka itatu FOCAC ibereye i Dakar mu gihe cy’icyorezo, birashoboka ko icyorezo cy’Ubushita bw’Inkende, cyemejwe na OMS nk’ikigomba gushakirwa igisubizo cyihuse ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kizaba ingingo nyamukuru y’ikiganiro. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ikindi kiza cyibasira ubuzima n’ubukungu, ni ngombwa ko hafatwa ingamba zose zishobora zo gukumira iki cyorezo.

Ariko na none, indi ngingo ikomeye yaganirwaho muri FOCAC ni imyenda Afurika irimo. Ubu ngubu, urwego imyenda ibihugu bya Afurika birimo ruri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’uko byari bimeze mbere y’icyorezo cya Covid-19. Iyi nama ije mu gihe biganira ku kuvugurura uburyo mpuzamahanga bw’imikoreshereze y’imari. U Bushinwa ni cyo gihugu ibihugu byo kuri uyu mugabane bifitiye umwenda mwinshi.

Banki Nyafurika y’Iterambere yagaragaje ko Afurika izishyura miliyari 163 z’amadolari ya Amerika muri uyu mwaka mu myenda gusa. Iki kibazo gisubiza inyuma ubushobozi bwo kugera ku ntego z’iterambere rirambye zashyizweho n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu 2015. Turavuga mu nzego nk’uburezi, ubuzima n’ibikorwaremezo. Iyi nama izaba umwanya mwiza ku bihugu bya Afurika wo kuganira n’u Bushinwa ku buryo bwo kwishyura, no gusaba ko habaho amavugurura mu birebana n’imyenda.

Ibiganiro ku kuvugurura ibirebana n’imyenda bimaze imyaka myinshi byarahagaze. Utekereza ko mu by’ukuri FOCAC izakemura iki kibazo?

Birashoboka. Abakuru b’ibihugu bazagirana ibiganiro byihariye na mugenzi wabo w’u Bushinwa. Uko byagenda kose, iyi ngingo igomba kuba iri ku murongo w’ibizaganirwaho. Ntabwo ibihugu bihuje ibibazo, ariko ibi biganiro bishobora gufasha mu gushyira ibintu mu buryo.

Iruhande rw’ikibazo cy’imyenda, ni iki kindi Afurika yakungukira muri FOCAC?

Abashoramari benshi ba Afurika bazaza kuri uyu mugabane (Asia) kugira ngo basinye amasezerano, bashake abafatanyabikorwa n’abashoramari. Kimwe n’uko guverinoma zo muri Afurika zifite imishinga zikeneye ko ishorwamo imari.

Nubwo mu 2023 habayeho ukugabanyuka kw’imyenda, ikagera kuri miliyari 4,63 z’amadolari, iy’u Bushinwa iracyari myinshi kuri uyu mugabane. Ni izihe ngaruka byawugiraho?

Bitewe n’uko ishoramari n’imyenda by’u Bushinwa bikenewe cyane, kugabanyuka kwabyo bigira ingaruka ku bukungu bwa Afurika. Mbere y’uko igabanyuka, ku ruhande rumwe bitewe no gusubira inyuma kw’iki gihugu cyo muri Asia, uruhare rw’u Bushinwa rwihutishije iterambere ry’ibikorwaremezo, ihangwa ry’imirimo n’amafaranga ibihugu byinjiza binyuze mu misoro.

Ishoramari n’imyenda y’u Bushinwa byafashije Afurika gutera imbere ku kigero kingana iki mu myaka 20 ishize?

Uyu munsi, ibihugu bya Afurika hafi ya byose bikorerwamo ishoramari ritaziguye rituruka mu Bushinwa. Ishoramari kuri peteroli n’amabuye y’agaciro ni ryo rinini, ariko riri kwagukira no muri serivisi z’imari, ubwubatsi n’inganda. Ryaremye imirimo myinshi muri Afurika, ryungukira ibihugu kandi ryagize uruhare mu guhererekanya ubumenyi.

Abashoramari bo muri Afurika bakoreye mu nganda zo mu Bushinwa batangiye ishoramari ryabo bwite. Ubu buryo bwo guhererekanya ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga bugira ingaruka nziza ku bukungu.

Birasa n’aho uku kugabanyuka k’uruhare rw’u Bushinwa muri Afurika kubaye mu gihe ibindi bihugu bitangiye gukorana n’uyu mugabane. Ese bifite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kuziba icyuho cy’u Bushinwa?

Kuza kw’ibindi bihugu ni byiza kandi bigaragaza uko uyu mugabane wifuzwa. Ariko kugira ngo Afurika izibe icyuho cy’u Bushinwa, ikwiye kongerera imbaraga ubu bufatanye kugira ngo butange umusaruro ufatika. Igikenewe ni ubufataye bubyarira inyungu buri ruhande, hatitawe ku waba ashora imari.

Umubano w’u Bushinwa na Afurika mu bucuruzi uhagaze ute muri iki gihe?

Ni ngombwa kureba ku mateka y’ubucuruzi hagati y’u Bushinwa na Afurika. Mu 2000, ubwo FOCAC ya mbere yabaga, u Bushinwa bwari igihugu cyonyine ibihugu bike byo muri Afurika byaguriraga ibicuruzwa. Umubano wa Beijing na Afurika wateye imbere mu myaka 20 ishize, u Bushinwa buba umufatanyabikorwa w’imena mu bucuruzi w’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika.

Uyu mugabane wohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa bidatunganyijwe birimo peteroli, copper cyangwa cobalt, ugahaha ibyatunganyijwe n’inganda birimo ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi, imyambaro, imashini n’ibindi… Ibijya mu Bushinwa biratandukanye, birimo byinshi bikomoka ku buhinzi.

Mu gihe ubusumbane mu bucuruzi burushaho gutsikamira Afurika, ibihugu byo kuri uyu mugabane biri gusaba ko na byo byabona isoko, bikinjira mu isoko rinini ry’u Bushinwa. Ibyo byashoboka bite?

Kugira ngo ibihugu bya Afurika bigabanye gutsikamirwa mu bucuruzi, bikwiye kuzamura urwego rw’inganda, bikajya byitunganyiriza ibikoresho. Nubwo u Bushinwa bwashyizeho ingamba zinyuranya n’ubwo buryo, ibihugu bya Afurika bigomba guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo kwitunganyiriza ibikoresho. Ibyo Afurika yohereza mu mahanga byariyongereye mu myaka ya vuba. Indabo, inanasi, avoka, ikawa n’ibindi. U Bushinwa ni igihugu cya kabiri kigura ibikomoka ku buhinzi bituruka muri Afurika.

Diane Sayinzoga yagaragaje ko Ubushita bw'Inkende n'amadeni biri mu bizaganirwaho muri FOCAC