Tekereza umuntu wafashwe akekwaho icyaha gishobora kumufungisha ubuzima bwe bwose cyangwa imyaka irenga 20, umwunganira mu mategeko akaba yamuburanira kugeza agizwe umwere ku byo yari akurikiranyweho. Birumvikana ibyishimo biba ari byose mu muryango no ku munyamategeko wamuburaniye.

Me Laurent Nkongori ni umwe mu bamaze imyaka myinshi mu mwuga wo kunganira abantu mu mategeko kuko agiye kuwumaramo imyaka 37.

Mu kiganiro cyihariye Me Nkongori yagiranye na IGIHE, yagaragaje ko uretse kugira uruhare mu kunganira abantu muri iyo myaka yose, ari umwe mu baharaniye ko Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda rubaho.

Yavuze ko byari inzira zigoye mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 kuko uwari Perezida w’u Rwanda icyo gihe, Habyarimana Juvénal, yababereye ibamba kuko atifuzaga ko rubaho.

Mu 1997, Urugaga rw’Abavoka rwafunguye imiryango, kuri ubu rumaze kugira abavoka barenga 1600 barimo abavoka bakuru n’abato.

IGIHE: Byaje bite ngo winjire mu mwuga wo kunganira abandi mu nkiko?

Me Nkongori: Nakuriye kandi niga ndi mu muryango w’abapadiri b’aba-Jésuite, nize filozofiya i Kinshasa, abankuriye barantegeka ngo jya mu Rwanda ariko wige amategeko. Kuko bashakaga ko nzaba umwavoka w’abakene.

Kuva ndi muri Kaminuza i Butare muri 1977-1980 natekerezaga kuba umwavoka w’abakene ariko ngenda njya mu mirimo itandukanye kugeza igihe noneho mbona ko kubijyamo byashobokaga.

Mbaza abo twakoranaga, bati "Kugira ngo ube avoka mu Rwanda, bitangwa na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, kuba ufite ibihumbi 50 Frw, bakaguha ikarita ibikwemerera ‘Carte de Mandateur en justice professionelles’."

Kubera ko ubutabera ubona mu Rwanda ubu n’abavoka mubona mu Rwanda bakitwa abavoka koko, bagakora akazi kabo, ntabwo igihe cyo kwa Habyarimana byari bihari.

Byari bimeze bite ubwo?

Baguhaga ikarita ariko kugira ngo Urugaga rw’Abavoka rujyeho bari babyanze. Icyo gihe twari twarateguye nk’abanyamategeko cyangwa abavoka b’icyo gihe, twarabiteguye neza… dutegura ko Urugaga rujyaho, n’Urugaga rwo mu Bufaransa rwabidufashijemo kugeza igihe twari twiteguye ko rujyaho.

Urwo rugaga rwo mu Bufaransa rwari rwaduteguriye n’amakanzu tuzambara, noneho bagiye kubaza uwari Perezida Habyarimana alias Kinani, arabyanga.

Iyo bamwita Kinani abantu ntabwo bazi impamvu yitwa gutyo n’uwarimwise uwo ari we. Mu by’ukuri Kinani ni we wabyiyise ubwo nari ndi muri gereza y’ibyitso, avuga icyivugo ati “Ndi Kinani cyananiye abagome n’abagambanyi” ni uko byatangiye ariko wareba imyitwarire ye n’uko yabyiyise ugasanga koko yari Kinani. Urugero natanga ni ukwanga ko mu Rwanda habaho Urugaga rw’Abavoka.

Impamvu yarwangaga n’impamvu rutagiyeho ni uko yashyizeho amananiza ko rugomba kuba rushamikiye ku ishyaka rya MRND. Ni ukuvuga urugaga rushamikiye ku ishyaka. Impamvu uyu mwuga nywukunda ni uko uko byagenda kose, n’iyo Abanyarwanda bacikamo ibice, bamwe bakicwa abandi bakica ariko mu rugaga, mu bavoka icyo gihe nta n’umwe washyigikiye ko Urugaga rw’Abavoka rushamikira kuri MRND.

Icyo gihe umushinga w’itegeko narawuzingazinze nywushyira mu ikoti, ndokotse njya mu Nkotanyi ndawujyana, ngarutse mvayo bangira Visi Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ushinzwe amategeko…Mu mategeko nasabye ko ahitishwa bwa mbere mu gihe cya Leta y’inzibacyuho ni irishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka n’irishyiraho Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare n’inkiko za gisirikare.

Icyo navugaga ni uko Abafaransa bari bizeye ko mu Rwanda hagiye kuboneka urugaga kuko Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi na Zaire, ibyo bihugu byose byari bifite urugaga uretse mu Rwanda honyine. Noneho babonye ko bidakunze bisubirirayo.

Icyanyeretse ko bari babizirikanye ni uko muri 1997 Urugaga rugiyeho, bavuye mu Bufaransa bakaza kudufasha ndetse n’amakanzu ya mbere twambaye twayahawe n’urugaga rwa Paris.

Me Laurent Nkongori yemeza uruhare yagize ngo Urugaga rw'Abavoka mu Rwanda rushingwe

Kutagira Urugaga hari ingaruka byagiraga ku mitangire y’ubutabera kandi n’ubundi abavoka bari bahari?

Ingaruka zari nyinshi, kandi impamvu bangaga ko rujyaho ni uko wa wundi ufite ikarita imugira uwunganira abandi mu mategeko wayihawe na Leta, bakamenya ubigiyemo.
Ni ukuvuga ko inzego zigenga icyo gihe nk’uko tuvuga Urugaga rw’Abikorera bitari gushoboka.

Ubu ngubu turakora twisanzuye, turi abafasha b’ubutabera bakora umwuga wabo bisanzwe, bagashyiraho ubuyobozi bwabo nta butegetsi bwa Leta buza kuvuga ngo uriya nareke kuba Avoka.

Ni ukuvuga ko umwavoka ukoze amakosa abibazwa nka we ku giti cye kandi aba mbere babimubaza ni Urugaga kuko dufite Komisiyo ishinzwe imyitwarire. Urumva ko noneho ari urugaga nyarwo.

Kubera iki amategeko arebana n’ubutabera ari yo washyize imbere mu gihe wari mu Nteko?

Me Nkongori nka Depite, nabikurikiraniraga hafi kuko nabonaga ko ari ngombwa kuko igihe cyateguraga Jenoside cyangwa muri Leta zabanje bari baranze ko Urugaga rujyaho.

Ntabwo burya iyo tubyina intsinzi, cyangwa ibihe byo kwibohora hari igihe abantu bagira ngo n’ibya gisirikare gusa ariko ngira ngo Umunyarwanda yagombaga kumva ko habayeho kwibohora kuzuye.

Ushaka gukora ishoramari rijyanye n’ibyo yize abikore, batagiye kubanza kubisabiriza mu nzego za politiki nk’uko MRND yabigenzaga

Impinduka uyu munsi ziri mu butabera ubona ari izihe?

Igishya kiri mu butabera uyu munsi ni biriya twita gukemura ibibazo mu bwumvikane. Impamvu numva ari ngombwa kubivuga ni uko mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwo kwa Habyarimana nta byari bihari.

Ubwo buryo bwanditswe uyu munsi mu mategeko kuko ubu byanditse mu Itegeko Nshinga, mu itegeko ry’imiburanishirize y’imanza. Ubu rero ni ukubishimangira neza, abantu bakabimenya kandi bikubahwa, bigakurikizwa.

Njyewe njya mvuga nti mu gihe cy’imanza za Gacaca, abishe n’abiciwe bamwe bagasaba imbabazi, bazisaba abaturage bagize inkiko gacaca, usabye imbabazi bigakunda, byatubereye ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’uko no mu zindi manza, aho kugira ngo bikomeze bikurure gusa inzangano hagati y’ababuranyi ahubwo bigere n’igihe ababuranyi biyunga.

Hari abacamanza benshi babigerageza ariko njyewe ku bwanjye n’abakiriya bose mbanza kubagira iyo nama ariko iyo bikunze biba ari amahirwe koko kandi bigakorwa.

Icyifuzo cyanjye ni uko koko byashyirwamo imbaraga bihagije, bikigishwa kuko ikiruta ari uko abantu bafitanye ibibazo bajya bafashwa kubikemura mu bwumvikane.

Abagomba gufashwa ni ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze nka ba Meya. Nk’akarere usanga gafitanye ikibazo n’umuturage…Inzego za Leta nizitange urugero rwiza, zigaragaze neza ko ubwo buryo bwo gukemura ibibazo mu bwumvikane biri mu ihame riteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 10 y’Itegeko Nshinga, babijyemo bumva ko ari ihame.

Uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo mu bwumvikane butangiye gukwira Isi yose kuko ari bwo butuma abantu badahora bashihurana, bakagerageza gukemura ibibazo babyumvikanyeho.

Ubuhuza ntibushobora kuzatuma abavoka mubura akazi?

Icyerekezo nk’ikibihugu kenshi tuvuga ko byateye imbere, kugira ngo wowe na karuvati yawe, ugende kwiburanira uhagarare imbere y’umucamanza ubundi ahandi ntabwo bikibaho.

Umuturage wese agomba kubona Avoka, kandi icyo nkunda muri iki gihe n’abo mu byaro barampamagarara bansaba kubaburanira, bigaragaza ko Abanyarwanda batangiye kumenya ko umwavoka ahari.

Niba Abanyarwanda ari miliyoni 14, birashoboka ko buri Munyarwanda wese ashobora kuba afite avoka.

Kandi kugira avoka, iyo urebye amabwiriza agenga Urugaga rw’Abovoka, ibihembo bye ashobora kubigabanya mu bice. Iyo noneho nawe Avoka wafashe amafaranga yo gutangira urubanza ntabwo ari ngombwa ko uyafata yose.

Nk’ubu urubanza rwa make ni 500.000 Frw, Avoka ntabwo akwiye gufata ayo mafaranga yose icya rimwe, mugiriye inama yavuga ati "Ba umpaye ayo kwiga urubanza", cyangwa akamusaba kimwe cya kabiri.

Niba hari Avoka ukorana n’abakene ndahamya ko ndimo kuko 80% y’abo nunganira baba ari abakene ariko tukaganira, tukareba ukuntu bashobora kwishyura uko bashoboye kandi noneho na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera n’Urugaga rw’Abavoka rushyigikiye ko abatishoboye babona ubwunganizi.

Abo bose duhuriye mu kwemera gukemura ibibazo binyuze mu bwumvikane dushyize hamwe, umuturage wese n’iyo yaba adafite amafaranga yo kwishyura, Avoka yabikora kandi ntibyatuma ahomba ngo abe umukene kuko yunganiye utishoboye.

Ntekereza ko icyerekezo cy’ubutabera nk’uko tubiganiraho ari ugukora ku buryo imanza zimara imyaka n’imyaka mu nkiko zigabanuka. Kandi aho kugira ngo ziyongere mu nkiko, zabanyuka.

Umunyamategeko, Avoka ntabwo akazi ke ari ukujya guhagarara mu nkiko gusa, abacuruzi n’abajya kwandikisha ubucuruzi bwabo muri RDB, buri wese akwiye kugira umujyanama mu by’amategeko.

Amafaranga menshi Avoka abona, nka kimwe cya kabiri ni ayo kugira abantu inama.

Me Laurent Nkongori yemeza uruhare yagize ngo Urugaga rw'Abavoka mu Rwanda rushingwe

Abagize Urugaga rw'Abavoka baherutse gufasha Me Nkongori kwizihiza isabukuru y'imyaka 75