Togo na Afurika Yunze Ubumwe bifuzaga ko hakoreshwa ’Equal Earth map projection’ ikarita igaragaza neza ubuso bwa nyakuri bw’ibihugu.

Uyu mwanzuro watowe ni intambwe ikomeye mu rugendo rwo gukosora uburyo Isi imaze imyaka myinshi igaragazwa hakoreshejwe ikarita izwi nka Mercator projection, yakozwe mu kinyejana cya 16 cyane cyane hagamijwe gufasha abakoraga ingendo zo mu nyanja.

Mu myaka myinshi ishize, ikarita ya Mercator yakunze kunengwa kubera ko igaragaza nabi ubunini bw’ibihugu n’imigabane, cyane cyane ibiri kure y’umurongo ugabanya Isi mo kabiri.

Kuri iyi karita, Greenland igaragara nk’aho ingana na Afurika, nyamara mu by’ukuri Afurika iruta Greenland inshuro zigera kuri 14 mu buso.

Abashyigikiye uyu mwanzuro bavuga ko amakarita atari uburyo bwo kwerekana gusa aho igice cyangwa igihugu giherereye, ahubwo anagira uruhare mu buryo abantu bumva ubunini, agaciro n’uruhare rw’uturere dutandukanye ku Isi.

Uyu mwanzuro watowe n’ibihugu 164 birimo n’u Rwanda, mu gihe bitandatu byifashe naho Amerika rukumbi ni yo yanze uyu mwanzuro.

Afurika ifite ubuso buruta ubwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Bushinwa, Uburayi bw’Uburengerazuba n’u Buhinde byose byishyize hamwe ariko ku ikarita isanzwe ikoreshwa bigaragara ko ari yo nto.

Ubutumwa bwashyizwe kuri X ya AU bugaragaza ko impinduka bavuga ko gukoresha amakarita agaragaza ubuso nyabwo bizatuma amashuri, ibitangazamakuru n’inzego mpuzamahanga bitangira gukoresha ikarita igaragaza ishusho nyayo y’ubunini bwa Afurika n’uruhare rwayo mu bikorwa by’Isi.

Bisobanurwa ko ikarita igaragaza ukuri ku bunini bw’imigabane izafasha kugaragaza ishusho itaryamira uruhare rwa Afurika n’utundi turere mu miterere y’Isi.

Uyu mwanzuro wari wemejwe n’Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe muri Gashyantare 2026, mbere y’uko ushyikirizwa Inteko Rusange ya Loni.

Ubuso bwa Afurika ni bunini cyane ku buryo u Burusiya, u Buhinde ndetse na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, byose byakwirwamo.

Afurika ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare miliyoni 30,37, mu gihe u Burusiya; igihugu kinini kurusha ibindi ku Isi bufite ubwa kilometero kare miliyoni 17,1.

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zigira kilometero kare miliyoni 9,867, u Buhinde bukagira kilometero kare miliyoni 3,287.

Afurika ni umugabane wa kabiri munini ku Isi, nyuma ya Aziya ifite kilometero kare miliyoni 44,58.

Kuki iyi karita igaragaza Afurika nabi?

Ikarita ya Mercator yatangiye gukoreshwa mu 1569, yakozwe na Gerardus Mercator, wari umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’Isi no mu gushushanya amakarita wavukiye mu gace kuri ubu kahindutse akagize u Bubiligi.

Ikarita ya Mercator ikunze kwitwa ‘cylindrical projection’ kubera ko ikoze mu ishusho y’umwiburungushure. Ni nk’uko wafata urupapuro ukaruzengurutsa ku mubumbe w’Isi, hanyuma ukarurambura hasi rukagira ishusho y’urukiramende.

Ku ikarita ya Mercator, hari imirongo mbariro yitwa ‘longitudes’ iba ihagaze. Buri murongo uva ku gasongero kamwe ukamanuka ujya ku kandi ugororotse kandi hari intera ingana hagati yawo n’undi uwukurikira.

Hari kandi imirongo miganda yitwa ‘latitudes’ iba itambitse, izenguruka Isi uhereye kuri koma yayo ‘Equator’.

Aha ho uko umurongo uva hafi ya koma y’Isi ugana kure yayo, intera hagati yawo n’uwukurikira igenda yiyongera, ibi bigaterwa n’imiterere y’Umubumbe w’Isi.

Ibi bituma imirongo miganda iri hafi y’udusongero tw’Isi yaguka, bigatuma uduce tuba hafi aho tugaragara nk’utunini kandi mu busanzwe ari duto.

Reka dufate urugero rwa Greenland ku ikarita ya Mercator. Igaragara nk’aho ari nini hafi kunganya ubuso na Afurika igaragara kuri iyi karita, kandi ubuso bwayo nyakuri ari buto cyane.

Ni cyo gituma kuri iyi karita ikoreshwa cyane uyu munsi, hari ibihugu bigaragara bitandukanye n’ubuso bwabyo bwa nyabwo.

Ibice biri hafi y’udusongero biba binini kurusha uko bisanzwe bingana, mu gihe ibiri hafi ya koma y’Isi bigaragara mu bunini bwabyo. Ni byo bituma Afurika igaragara nk’aho ari nto kandi ari nini.

Nubwo iyi karita ifite amakosa, kubera imiterere iremwa na ya mirongo mbariro n’imirongo miganda, ifatwa nk’ingenzi iyo abatwara ubwato cyangwa indege bategura ingendo zabo kuko ibafasha kubaha amerekezo nyakuri bakurikiza n’ubwo impinduka zishobora kuba mu ntera iyi karita igaragaza.

Equal Earth map projection’ igaragaza ibihugu byose mu ngano yabyo